Study On Ecological Compensation Model And Standard System Of Ethnic Area Basin System

The report to the 19th CPC National Congress elevates ecological progress into a millennium plan.General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that China’s ecological civilization construction has "entered a critical period of providing more high-quality ecological products to meet the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment".To implement Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological Civilization,The General Office of the State Council issued "the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Compensation System for Ecological Protection".As an important ecological function area,water system source area and energy enrichment area in China,Under the guidance and support of national policies,various river basins have carried out a series of practical pilot work.At present,the research on ecological compensation of river basin system in ethnic minority areas is in its initial stage,and there are contradictions such as vague rights and responsibilities of river basin compensation subjects,single river basin compensation model,and watershed compensation standards cannot be quantified,Therefore,it is of practical guiding significance to carry out the research on ecological compensation of ethnic basin system to solve the contradiction between ecological environment and social and economic development and improve the ecological compensation mechanism of ethnic basin system.Based on this background,this study deeply studies Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought,enriches the theory and practice of ecological compensation in the river basin,combines the perspective of ecology and economics,and adopts qualitative and quantitative combination methods,so as to realize the overall social and economic development and ecological environment protection as the ultimate goal.Give full play to the role of ecological service function,using ecological compensation for economic regulation,comprehensive combing basin ecological compensation development law,clarify the ecological compensation main category,try to expand ecological compensation mode,scientific formulation of ecological compensation standards for river basins,optimize ethnic region basin system multiple subject linkage participation mechanism,select Minjiang river as a research area practice,research results for our ethnic region basin system ecological compensation,economic development,resource development and utilization to provide effective theoretical support.The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows.Based on the macro micro perspective comprehensive combing basin ecological compensation research development law,careful study of domestic and foreign basin ecological compensation related research results and theory.It is found that due to the fuzzy boundary of the ecological compensation rights confirmation link,the relatively single compensation mode(mainly relying on the central government transfer payment),and the lack of scientific and quantitative formulation of river basin compensation standards,which lead to the prominent contradiction between the river basin system ecology and economy in ethnic minority areas.Under the background of the new era,the environmental governance system requires the coordinated participation of multiple subjects,exploring the establishment of a rights and interests trading system,expanding the channels of ecological compensation funds,and innovating the ecological compensation standards through quantitative models.At the same time,the existing watershed ecological compensation research rarely involves ethnic areas,so the study of systematic ecological compensation in ethnic minority areas has important theoretical space and practical significance.Based on the river basin ecological subject category and compensation model,by introducing the watershed section water quality and carbon index constraints,the river basin compensation game model is constructed to coordinate the interests of the river basin flow range.The conclusion concluded that in order to maximize the utility of the watershed system in ethnic minority areas,the higher government set up a supervision team to monitor the downstream compensation fees in real time,and directly subsidize the upstream through transfer payment,government purchase and tax.Downstream governments pay for "high-quality resources" according to the section water quality assessment and carbon index demand.At the policy level,the cross-regional collaborative compensation mode of "one district,one responsibility" is implemented to solve the "free ride" behavior within the river basin.Based on the analysis of the emergy value index,the development of ethnic minority areas is in a prominent position in ethnic work.Focusing on the characteristics of watershed resources in ethnic minority areas,constructing the comprehensive evaluation index of energy value,the comprehensive evaluation index is constructed to uniformly measure the ecological,economic and social effects of the river basin.The results found that the overall environmental debt ratio of the eight ethnic provinces is less than 20,the per capita emergy exceeds 1.00E+16sej,except for Qinghai and Tibet,the other six provinces’ emergy density is higher than1.00E+12sej,the emergy value input ratio is higher than 20.00%,the resource input rate is less than 30.00%,the emergy / currency ratio of Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan and Ningxia provinces is below 3.3E+12 sej/$,the other four provinces were higher than 1.00E+13sej/$,and only Xinjiang is close to 1 in the sustainable development indicators.The data show that the regional industrial foundation in ethnic minority areas is weak,the digitalization degree is low,the external environmental pressure is obvious,and it is in the stage of weak and sustainable development,and the conflict between ecological environment and economic development is still sharp.Based on the ecosystem service function and operation research theory,and the energy value system is taken as the underlying operation logic,and combined with the ethnic ecological characteristics of the river basin,the AHP method is adopted to establish the weight of the detailed ecological compensation service function of the basin,and the comprehensive energy value coefficient of the basin ecological service function is obtained.On this basis,the ecological compensation model in ethnic areas is scientifically formulated,the upper reaches of Minjiang River is selected as the research area to explore the practice path,and the ecological compensation standard system in ethnic areas basin is comprehensively constructed.The subject of ecological compensation in the river basin system in ethnic minority areas involves the central government,local governments,residents,water-use enterprises(agriculture,animal husbandry,industry,etc.),environmental protection organizations,etc.The compensation subject adopts the collaborative governance mode,using transfer payment,equity transaction,taxation,donation and other means to participate in the ecological protection of the river basin.According to the calculation of the ecological compensation model of river basin system in ethnic minority areas,the final ecological compensation standard for the upper reaches of Minjiang River is 9.003 billion yuan for ecological compensation for economic service function,2.022 billion yuan,and 9.032 billion yuan of compensation for ecological function service.Combined with the above main research conclusions,in order to promote the construction of ecological civilization in ethnic minority areas,the policy suggestions are put forward to focus on the research of systematic ecological compensation in ethnic minority areas.First,the reasonable development of the river basin ecological guarantee system,establish and improve the watershed ecological protection and environmental restoration mechanism,consider the present,focus on the future,deepen the green industrial reform,implement the efficient use of resources,strengthen the top-level design of environmental factors protection,establish rigid resource constraints and constraints,explore the research and development of carbon index trading platform,and realize the sustainable development of environment and resources.Second,improve the social security system in ethnic areas,the basin out policy,provide public welfare jobs for difficult residents,fully meet the basin residents basic life security,at the same time,strengthen the construction of ethnic culture,relying on ethnic cultural integration,collaborative build Chinese civilization culture tourism belt,innovation to explore area new agriculture brigade fusion development mode,speed up the construction of ethnic areas basin system culture market.Third,strengthen the basin system economic security system,led by the central government,promote ethnic minority areas basin ecological compensation regulations,ensure basin economic operation order,further explore basin ecological compensation market mechanism,widen ecological compensation funding channels,establish a complete green industry chain,break basin resources trading barriers,strengthen trade between basins,and set up a third party regulatory organization,to ensure a fair and transparent business environment.Fourth,we will comprehensively deepen the policy guarantee system for river basins in ethnic minority areas,promote the legal construction of the river basin system in ethnic minority areas at multiple levels,carry out research on the long-term mechanism of ecological compensation policies in river basins,establish inter-provincial legislative units,and resolve conflicts in river basins through joint meetings and other forms.To sum up,this study combines the watershed characteristics of ethnic minority areas,defines the subject category of watershed ecological compensation,tries to explore the multiple co-governance compensation model of river basin,scientifically formulates the watershed ecological compensation model,and its practical path provides important methods for the establishment of watershed ecological compensation standard system in ethnic minority areas in China.