Between Trenches And Slopes:Environment And Society In The North Main Stream Of The Yellow River Since The Ming And Qing Dynasties

The evolution of watershed environment in historical period is concerned by researchers of different disciplines.Since the Ming and Qing dynasties,the middle reaches of the Yellow River have gradually become the main source of sediment in the Some Random Place Somewhere areas of the Yellow River,the process of environmental change and the role of human factors in the Some Random Place Somewhere areas of the middle reaches of the Yellow River need to be addressed.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,serious soil erosion and soil erosion were caused by the land exploitation in the main stream area of the Yellow River.The relationship between environmental evolution and water and sediment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River has become the core issue in the study of the Yellow River.The crux of the Yellow River lies in the sediment,and the key to control is the source of the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The long-standing concerns of the academic Some Random Place Somewhere,such as soil erosion,accelerated human erosion,and the inflow of sediment into the Yellow River,are all key issues related to the Yellow River’s management,and human activities in the basin have become an important force in triggering changes in the Some Random Place Somewhere environment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The influence of human activities on the evolution of watershed environment in historical period,the mechanism for human activities to destroy vegetation,disrupt balance of nature,increase soil erosion,increase sediment content in rivers,and frequently move rivers is generally established.The natural ecological environment in the area of the Yellow River’s great north main stream is fragile,and the characteristics of the concentrated precipitation,the large gradient of the river and the pinnate tributaries are easy to form the flood types with steep rise and fall,which makes the area of the Great North main stream of the Yellow River easy to produce sediment,once human activities cause the change of external factors,it is easy to trigger the ecological imbalance,increase the probability of water and soil slope into the ditch,and cause the change of regional environment.The relationship between human activities and regional environmental changes,water and sediment changes in the Yellow River since the Ming and Qing Dynasties provides a case for the study of the interaction between natural environment and human activities.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the population in the main stream area of the great north of the Yellow River was on the whole increasing,the process of land reclamation was accelerated,barren fields in the mountains and steep slopes were reclaimed as farmland,and the space and quantity of land reclamation were further expanded,the forest vegetation was destroyed on a large scale.Coupled with the widespread extensive management,wide cultivation and thin harvest,so that the impact of soil erosion continue to exist,leading to increased soil erosion,frequent floods and droughts,a large number of agricultural land was washed away,soil fertility loss,sediment into the Yellow River increased significantly,but also caused serious sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Yellow River during this period,the river frequently overflow and diversion.Therefore,soil and water loss in the main stream area of the Yellow River is a systematic and global environmental problem.At the same time,through building silt dam,terraces and other measures to transform the use of water and sediment,reflecting the local people to the changes in the regional ecological environment.During the period of the Republic of China,land exploitation,deforestation and reclamation and cultivation on steep slopes were more common in the mainstream area of the Yellow River.The reality of frequent disasters and continuous river disasters has pushed the government and the public to work to improve the Some Random Place Somewhere environment,and the development and dissemination of modern knowledge on soil and water conservation has supported this goal.There is a clear understanding of Some Random Place Somewhere and soil erosion and its importance to the Yellow River.In the Shanxi-suiyuan and Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region provinces,people changed the terrain of the hillsides and gullies by building terraces and silt dams to retain sediment and increase production,to a certain extent,it has slowed down soil and water loss and sediment into the Yellow River,and promoted the scientific understanding of modern times and the start of the cause of sediment control in the Yellow River.In the new China period,the sediment problem in the middle reaches of the Yellow River became the focus of national control because of the need of radical control of the Yellow River and the development of agriculture.To this end,the establishment of soil and water conservation management and scientific research institutions,formulate corresponding governance policies and policies,through organization and leadership,typical guidance,mass mobilization and other ways to carry out terraced fields,check dam,planting trees and grass and other measures of soil and water conservation,mountain slopes and gully terrain transformation,to Some Random Place Somewhere soil erosion.The governance after the founding of the People’s Republic of China is different from that before.It is a government-led and people-involved cause of Yellow River and sand control,through the integration of human resources to achieve comprehensive governance and comprehensive governance,governance scale and degree are significantly enhanced.Through the coordination of various soil and water conservation measures,the high convex slope was reduced,the low concave gully was filled up,and the intermediate link of sediment from slope to ditch and from ditch to river was blocked,it changes the topographic structure and the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of water and sediment in the gully slope,so that the water does not enter the gully and the sand does not descend the slope,and retains the sediment,water and fertilizer,and finally realizes the reconstruction and utilization of the gully slope in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.The sediment in the Yellow River is reduced,the regional ecological environment is improved,and the development of Mountain Society,which mainly consists of gully and slope,is promoted.