| In order to cope with global climate change and promote sustainable development,over the years,countries around the world have issued regulations and policies to promote the development of renewable energy,and promote energy transition as an important energy strategy.Since the founding of New China,under the great attention of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,and under the strong promotion of the "Renewable Energy Law",China’s renewable energy has achieved leapfrog development: the scale of renewable energy development and utilization has continued to expand,and the consumption of renewable energy has been increasing.The proportion of total energy consumption has continued to rise,and the technological innovation capability of renewable energy has also continued to improve.Under the background that China attaches great importance to energy conservation and emission reduction,pursues sustainable economic development and deeply implements the employment priority strategy,this paper analyzes the environmental,economic and social benefits of China’s renewable energy development,and examines the impact of China’s renewable energy development on carbon emissions,economic growth and employment.This paper focus on the impact of China’s renewable energy development on local and adjacent carbon emissions,its nonlinear impact on economic growth,and its impact on employment and employment skills structure.There are seven Chapters,of which 4-6 are the key points.Chapter 1 is the Introduction.This part introduces the research background,research significance,research content,research methods,research data and possible innovations of the full text.Chapter 2 is the Literature Review.This part sorts out the studies related to the development of renewable energy and carbon emissions and economic growth,as well as the literature related to renewable energy technology and employment,and makes a brief comment.Chapter 3 is the analysis of the current situation of renewable energy development.The current situation of international and domestic renewable energy development was introduced respectively,and the current Chinese policies to support the development of renewable energy were sorted out.Chapter 4 empirically examines the spatial spillover effect of renewable energy development on carbon emissions.This chapter first sorts out the possible paths of renewable energy development affecting the carbon emission levels in local and neighboring regions,and puts forward the basic assumptions of this paper,and then tests the spatial correlation of China’s inter-provincial carbon emissions and the rationality of using spatial measurement methods.The spatial Durbin model is constructed to empirically test the two hypotheses.Finally,in order to test the robustness of the results of the article,this chapter considers replacing the core explanatory variable "renewable energy consumption proportion" in the benchmark regression with "renewable energy consumption".In addition,it also verified the impact of renewable energy development on carbon emissions in local and adjacent areas under different spatial weight matrices.Chapter 5 empirically examines the nonlinear impact of renewable energy development on economic growth.This chapter first sorts out the mechanism and threshold mechanism of the nonlinear impact of renewable energy development on economic growth.Then,based on the Cobb-Douglas production function,a dynamic panel data threshold model is constructed,and provincial panel data is used to examine the impact of renewable energy consumption.Nonlinear effects of economic growth and how such effects vary across regions.Chapter 6 empirically analyzes the impact of renewable energy development on employment and employment skills structure.Based on micro-enterprise-level data,according to the dynamic labor demand model,this chapter adopts systematic GMM estimation to examine in-depth the direct impact of China’s renewable energy technology on employment and the indirect impact after considering the growth of enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis is carried out on the attributes of corporate ownership and different renewable energy industries.Furthermore,in order to examine the particularity of this impact,this chapter also selects traditional energy companies as a sample for comparative analysis,and then finds the different impacts of China’s renewable energy technology and traditional energy technology on employment.Chapter 7 is the main conclusions and policy recommendations.This chapter summarizes the empirical research results of the full text,and based on the research results,puts forward enlightenment suggestions on how to further develop renewable energy,reduce carbon emissions,promote economic growth and improve employment quality,and answer the question of "how to do it".The research methods used in this paper mainly include literature analysis,empirical analysis and the combination of overall analysis and comparative analysis.(1)Literature analysis.When sorting out the relationship between renewable energy development and carbon emissions,the relationship between renewable energy development and economic growth,and the relationship between renewable energy development and employment,this paper adopts the literature analysis method,through extensive reading of domestic and foreign academic articles,dissertations,National policy documents,statistical yearbooks and other literature materials,review the existing relevant literature in academia,and summarize the research methods and conclusions of related issues.In addition,the article also specially sorts out and summarizes the current status of renewable energy development,and systematically analyzes the current international and domestic renewable energy development status as well as China’s policies to support the development of renewable energy.It will be of great benefit to guide the further development of renewable energy in the future.(2)Empirical analysis.This paper adopts different measurement methods according to different research topics and data characteristics.When empirically testing the impact of renewable energy development on carbon emissions in local and adjacent areas,the spatial Durbin model is used;when examining the nonlinear relationship between renewable energy development and economic growth,the dynamic panel threshold model is used;when examining renewable energy The impact of development on employment was estimated using the ordinary panel fixed-effects regression,panel corrected standard error estimation,and a two-step systematic GMM method of the dynamic panel data model in turn.(3)The overall analysis and the comparative analysis are combined.When examining the relationship between renewable energy development and carbon emissions,this paper makes full use of the comparative analysis method,first focusing on the direct effect of local renewable energy development on local carbon emissions and the spatial spillover effect on adjacent areas,and then,in order to make the results of the article More robust,the article selects different indicators to define the development of renewable energy and carbon emissions,and compares the parameter estimation results under different defined indicators;in addition,the article also compares the development of renewable energy under different spatial weight matrices and carbon emissions.The relationship between carbon emissions,thus ensuring the robustness of the results of the paper to a large extent,enriches the research connotation of this paper.When examining the impact of renewable energy development on economic growth,this paper first focuses on the nonlinear impact of renewable energy development on economic growth within the threshold range of different threshold variables.In addition,this paper divides all samples into eastern and western regions,through comparative analysis,examines the heterogeneity of the impact of renewable energy development on economic growth.When examining the impact of renewable energy development on employment and employment skills structure,this paper not only examines the direct impact of renewable energy technology on employment,but also examines the indirect impact on employment,and compares the two.In addition,the article also examines the heterogeneous impact of renewable energy development on employment under different ownership attributes,different regions,and different industries.Further,in order to examine the particularity of this impact,that is,the positive role of technological innovation in promoting employment is a unique property of renewable energy companies,rather than a common feature of energy companies,this paper also selects a sample of traditional energy companies for empirical evidence.This method of overall analysis and comparative analysis greatly expands the research content of this paper and makes the research conclusions of this paper more scientific and robust.Based on the above research ideas and methods,this paper mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)The direct effect coefficient of renewable energy development on CO2 and per capita CO2 emissions is significantly negative,and the spatial spillover effect is significantly negative.That is to say,the vigorous development of renewable energy can significantly reduce carbon emissions in local and adjacent areas.The above effects are true whether the development of renewable energy is measured in terms of the proportion of renewable energy consumption or the amount of renewable energy consumption.Under the adjacency matrix,the spatial weight matrix based on geographic distance,the spatial weight matrix based on economic distance,and the geographic economic combination matrix,the inhibitory effect of renewable energy development on carbon emissions in local and adjacent areas is still significant.(2)The impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth has a threshold effect of energy consumption intensity: when the energy consumption intensity value is less than the critical value,the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth is significantly positive,and when it exceeds the critical value,this This effect is significantly negative.Since lower energy consumption intensity corresponds to higher energy efficiency,which means that when energy efficiency is high,vigorously developing renewable energy will significantly promote economic growth.When the urbanization level is in the lower threshold range,the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth is significantly negative,while when the urbanization level is in the higher threshold range,the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth is significantly positive.This means that under high levels of urbanization,vigorous development of renewable energy can promote economic growth.When the per capita GDP does not exceed the critical value,renewable energy consumption has no significant impact on economic growth;when the per capita GDP exceeds the critical value,renewable energy consumption can significantly promote economic growth.In addition,there are differences in the above nonlinear effects in different regions of China.In the developed eastern provinces,the impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth has a threshold effect on energy consumption intensity,urbanization level and per capita GDP,but in the western region,there is only a threshold effect on energy consumption intensity.(3)Renewable energy technology has a positive role in promoting employment and employment skills structure,and the impact of renewable energy technology on employment is heterogeneous in terms of ownership,regions and industries.Further,the impact of renewable energy technologies on employment is different from that of traditional energy technologies.The traditional energy technology has a significant negative impact on the number of employed people,high-skilled workers,and low-skilled workers,and has produced a "substitution effect" on employment.The impact of traditional energy technologies on employment has heterogeneity in corporate ownership and regions.On the basis of the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward the following three policy suggestions.(1)Continue to vigorously support the development of renewable energy.In view of the fact that this paper examines the environmental,economic and social benefits brought by the development of renewable energy,it is necessary to further raise the awareness of the importance of renewable energy in the whole society;The renewable energy quota system and green power certificate trading system support the further development of the renewable energy industry and foster a sustainable and stable growth of the renewable energy market.(2)Increase support for renewable energy technology research and development and equipment manufacturing,encourage renewable energy companies to participate in technological innovation activities,promote renewable energy technology innovation,and promote further reductions in their costs.In addition,it is necessary to make full use of the negative spatial spillover effect of renewable energy technology,such as taking effective measures such as regional renewable energy technology cooperation and promoting the construction of technology demonstration zones,so as to not only promote the further development and diffusion of renewable energy technology,but also It can also assist in reducing carbon emissions levels in local and surrounding areas.(3)In view of the regional heterogeneity in the impact of renewable energy development on economic growth and employment,renewable energy technologies in the central and western regions have an obvious role in promoting employment,and renewable energy enterprises in the central and western regions should be encouraged and supported.Pay attention to and increase technological innovation,but considering that the overall economic development level of the central and western regions is relatively backward,the development of enterprises is insufficient,and the total R&D expenditure is not high.Therefore,it is recommended to give more financial policies and tax incentives to support the development of renewable energy enterprises in the central and western regions.The innovations of this paper mainly include the following three aspects.(1)Explore a new law.Synthesizing the existing literature on the impact of renewable energy development on carbon emissions and the use of spatial measurement methods to examine the spatial spillover effect of carbon emissions,this paper finds that the existing literature either ignores carbon emissions when examining the influencing factors of carbon emissions.Based on ordinary panel data,cross-sectional data or time series data,using ordinary econometric methods,extending the STIRPAT model,and then examining the direct impact of various factors,including renewable energy consumption,on carbon emissions;either,consider The spatial correlation of carbon emissions and the use of spatial measurement methods are only used to examine the spatial spillover effects of basic variables such as population size,economic development level,trade openness,and energy intensity on carbon emissions.Data from developed countries are often used as samples for spatial spillover effects.So far,no academic literature has explored the impact of China’s renewable energy development on carbon emissions in local and adjacent regions based on China’s provincial renewable energy consumption data using spatial measurement methods.By manually collecting data on the proportion of renewable energy consumption at the provincial level in China year by year,this paper empirically tests a new law about the impact of China’s renewable energy development on carbon emissions in neighboring regions.(2)Adopt a new method.The nonlinear dynamic panel model is used for the first time to examine the possible nonlinear impact of China’s renewable energy development on economic growth.Some scholars have investigated the linear impact of renewable energy consumption on economic growth based on China’s time series data.In the literature examining the nonlinear relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth,due to the easy availability of data,these literatures use OECD countries as research samples,and the conclusions drawn for samples from other countries often do not reflect Chinese social reality.In the context of today’s global energy transition,studying the impact of China’s renewable energy consumption on economic growth has very important theoretical and practical significance for China.In addition,the dynamic panel threshold model adopted in Chapter 5 can also handle the endogeneity problem in the model well.In recent years,although some scholars have also discussed the threshold effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth,the problem in these literatures is that they use the static panel threshold model,ignoring the possible relationship between the explained variables and the core explanatory variables.Endogenous problems.This paper adopts the currently developed dynamic panel threshold model to analyze the economic benefits of China’s renewable energy development,and better solves the problem of variable endogeneity.(3)Choose a new entry point.When analyzing the employment changes caused by the development of renewable energy,the existing literature selects different links in the life cycle of renewable energy as the starting point to study the development of renewable energy in a country or region due to the It affects the renewable energy industry,related industries in the industrial chain and even the entire economic system,resulting in changes in the number of jobs and employment structure.On the whole,the life cycle of renewable energy generally includes pre-investment,R&D design,construction and installation,operation and maintenance and other links.Most of the current literature selects the construction,installation and operation and maintenance links of the renewable energy life cycle as the entry point,and a small number of literature selects the early investment link of the renewable energy life cycle as the entry point to examine the impact of renewable energy development on employment..However,with the link of R&D design or technological innovation as the starting point,the literature on the impact of renewable energy development on employment is still blank.This paper will start from the micro-enterprise level,take the renewable energy enterprises in the micro-enterprises as the research object,and take the R&D design in the renewable energy life cycle as the starting point,to examine the impact of technological innovation of renewable energy enterprises on employment,and to test This effect is heterogeneous across geographic locations,firm ownership attributes,and industries.This article’s empirical examination of the social benefits of technological innovation in Chinese renewable energy companies greatly enriches the current literature. |
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