| During his visit to Pakistan in May 2013,Premier Li Keqiang of the state council put forward the idea of building the china-pakistan economic corridor,with the original intention of promoting energy cooperation,industrial cooperation,land and sea transport and common development between the two countries.In April 2015,the two sides decided on the "1 + 4" cooperation plan for building the china-pakistan economic corridor.China-brazil production capacity cooperation mainly focuses on power and energy projects and transportation infrastructure.The investment in production capacity involves roads,power construction,communications services,real estate,mineral development,mechanical and electrical products,building materials and cross-border logistics.At present,cooperation in the field of energy mainly focuses on hydropower,thermal power,solar energy,wind power and photovoltaic.The transportation infrastructure has formed a network of roads,railways,air freight and subways.In May 2018,the first section of the sukkur to multan section of the peshawar-karachi expressway was opened to traffic.In July of the same year,the china-brazil cross-border optical fiber cable project was successfully completed,and the first cross-border terrestrial optical fiber cable between China and Brazil was completed and put into operation.The year 2019 has seen a comprehensive upgrade of industrial cooperation between the two countries.The smooth progress of production capacity cooperation will not only speed up the building of the Pakistan economic corridor to a new stage,but also serve as a flagship project of "One Belt And One Road" production capacity cooperation and comprehensively upgrade the all-weather strategic cooperative partnership between Pakistan and Pakistan.It is an important project to realize the mutually beneficial and win-win opening-up strategy of Pakistan in the new era.Based on the theories of international trade and investment,industrial competitiveness,international production capacity cooperation and global value chain division of labor,this paper firstly constructs the theoretical framework of china-brazil production capacity cooperation,and conducts multi-dimensional analysis and interpretation with the competitiveness of subdivided industries as the research object.Second,we should review the current situation,project distribution and specific cases of china-brazil production capacity cooperation.Thirdly,from the perspective of industry segmentation and global value chain division of labor,the industrial competitiveness is measured and comprehensively evaluated.Then,from the level of one country and the level of two countries,the author makes an empirical analysis on the competitiveness of the segmented industries under the production capacity cooperation between China and Brazil.Finally,in view of the difficulties in production capacity cooperation between China and Brazil,the paper proposes the future development model and upgrading path.This paper mainly draws the following six conclusions.Firstly.China-brazil cooperation on production capacity can significantly enhance the competitiveness of the two countries’ industry segments.At present,the main factors affecting the industrial competitiveness of China and Pakistan are: the number of secondary industry employment,residents’ final consumption,industrial added value,foreign direct investment,overall government efficiency,china-pakistan project contracting business,import and export volume,per capita income difference and trade openness.Among them,residents’ final consumption expenditure,the proportion of the added value of the secondary industry,the government efficiency index,the business completion of china-pakistan contracted projects and the degree of trade openness have a positive impact on the industrial competitiveness of China and Pakistan.The proportion of secondary industry employment is negatively correlated with the industrial competitiveness of the two countries.The differences in fdi,import and export volume and per capita GDP have a positive impact on China’s industrial competitiveness,while a negative impact on Pakistan’s industrial competitiveness.Secondly.China has advantages in labor-intensive and capital and technology-intensive industries,while Pakistan has more advantages in labor-intensive and resource-intensive industries.In the labor-intensive industries of China and Pakistan,the textile products under the finished products classified by raw materials and the garment products under the miscellaneous products have strong competitive advantages.In China’s capital and technology-intensive industries,the competitive advantage of telecom equipment under the category of machinery manufacturing is the strongest.In the resource-intensive industry of Pakistan,cereal products under live food and tobacco products under beverage tobacco have strong competitive advantages.Thirdly.China has strong comparative and competitive advantages in manufacturing industries with superior production capacity,while only some industries in Pakistan have competitive advantages.Among them,China’s light textile and communication industries have strong comparative advantages and strong competitive advantages,ships and building materials have strong comparative advantages and competitive advantages,railways have strong competitive advantages and electric power has strong comparative advantages.The light industry of Pakistan has strong comparative advantages and competitive advantages,and the building materials industry has strong comparative advantages.Most of the potential advantages of the segmented industries under china-pakistan production capacity cooperation are strong,among which,textile,railway and steel have the strongest potential advantages.Fourthly.The participation rate,production length and location index of GVC in the whole industry in China are higher than those in Pakistan.Among them,the backward participation rate of the whole industry in China and Pakistan is higher than the forward participation rate.The position index of China and Pakistan’s overall industry participation in GVC is both in the lower reaches,in which China is gradually climbing to the middle and upper reaches of the global value chain,while the GVC position index of Pakistan is generally in a "W" shape,and the position index of Pakistan is generally in a downward trend from 2013 to 2017.Fifthly.The GV division of labor between China’s communication industry and Pakistan’s textile industry has been significantly improved.In 2017,China and Pakistan’s manufacturing industries with superior production capacity participated in GVC to a greater extent than the general manufacturing industry,but the general manufacturing industry had a higher position in GVC.In 2017,China’s communication equipment participated in the global value chain to the greatest extent,with GVC in the basic metal smelting and processing,chemical products and wood processing products industry being the highest position.Pakistan’s transportation equipment participated in the global value chain to the greatest extent and GVC in the chemical product industry was the highest position.Compared with 2010,China’s GVC position index of wood products,communication equipment and textile products improved significantly in 2017,while Pakistan’s GVC position of textile products industry improved significantly.Sixthly.China-brazil cooperation on production capacity is mainly influenced by relevant and supporting industries and enterprise organizations,strategies and competition.In the future,production capacity cooperation should be based on different development strategies for different industries.We should not only focus on international cooperation among Chinese enterprises with competitive production capacity,but also take into account the complementary industries that have a bearing on the future economic development of Pakistan’s country and people’s livelihood.At the industrial level,attention should be paid to the structural upgrading and industrial transformation of china-brazil overseas industrial parks and gwadar port free zone.At the enterprise level,transnational enterprises should actively promote economic cooperation,public-private joint venture and overseas research and development. |
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