Design And Application Of Novel Triboelectric Nanogenerator For Self-powered System

Energy plays a very important role in human life.At present,energy consumption mainly relies on traditional fossil energy,which is a limited and non-renewable energy.With the continuous exploitation and exhaustion of fossil energy,it is urgent to find some new energy forms.Mechanical energy,which is ubiquitous in our living environment,is abundant in various forms and less affected by environmental factors.It is one of the potential energy sources that can be applied on a large scale.However,the approaches of mechanical energy collection are mostly based on the traditional electromagnetic generator,which is difficult to effectively collect the low-frequency and random energy in the environment due to its own working principle.As a new energy collection device,the triboelectric nanogenerator has become a research hotspot in the field of micro-nano mechanical energy collection with many advantages,such as high energy density,high conversion efficiency,light quality,low cost,wide selection of materials and easy scale-up.Since its invention in 2012,there have been numerous reports about the friction nano-generator,showing a good application prospect,which can obtain energy from biological motion,mechanical vibration,wave,airflow and other diverse mechanical energy.It can provide self-powered and self-driven devices for portable electronic terminals,environmental detection,medical research,energy conversion,etc.In order to further develop the triboelectric nanogenerator,we need to deeply study its working principle,further expand its application range,and enable it to be commercialized,so as to change people’s way of obtaining energy and improve human living environment.To realize many functional applications by triboelectric nanogenerator,its output performance should be further improved by the optimization design of device structure and material performance,making its output signal more sensitive and stable.At the same time,considering the flexibility,stability,environmental protection and cost of the designed triboelectric nanogenerator,so as to it can be adapted to various application requirements.This paper takes optimization of material properties and structural design as the original starting point,and aims to solve some problems in the construction of self-powered system based on friction nano-generator.It includes exploring ways to improve the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerator.Through correlation analysis,the working principle of friction nano-generator has been explored in depth.The design of a simple self-supplying energy system has been realized by combining with the traditional energy collection method.Optimize the design of self-charging energy supply unit and collect human kinetic energy;some novel functional applications in the field of self-powered system has been explored.The main work of this paper is as follows:A contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerator based on solid waste is designed and constructed.The waste rubber powder（WRP）serves as negative triboelectric electrode material.The fluorination modification of rubber powder particles greatly improves the output performance of the nanogenerator.Fluorosilane grafted on the surface of rubber powder particles greatly enhances the electronegativity of WRP surface,making it generate more triboelectric charge when it used as friction electrode material,so as to improve the output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator.A noncontact electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator is designed and constructed.The hybrid generator integrates the contact-separation TENG and EMG.For TENG,the magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles embedded into the polyvinylidene fluoride（Fe₃O₄@PVDF）nanofiber membrane is used as the negative triboelectric material of TENG,so that it can be triggered and driven noncontactly by external magnetic field.The same mechanical energy is simultaneously converted into electrical energy through two different approaches.The TENG and EMG can be actuated simultaneously by means of external magnetic field variation.Based on electromagnetic-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator,a wearable self-powered system is constructed,which can collect human motion energy and convert it into electricity to drive some small power electronic products continuously and normally.This design opens up a new way for the research of composite self-powered system used in wearable electronics.A flexible wearable self-charging fabric is designed and constructed,which consists of a fibrous asymmetric supercapacitor for storing energy and a triboelectric nanogenerator fabric for collecting energy.The triboelectric nanogenerator is constructed by a single electrode fiber shaped triboelectric nanogenerator via traditional weft knitting process.The whole system is woven of fibrous components,so it can be deformed at will,and various forms of motion mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy.The fiber supercapacitor is an all-solid non-symmetric supercapacitor with carbon fiber bundle as the collector,carbon fiber bundle electrodeposited Co₃O₄ nanosheets as the negative electrode,and activated carbon as the positive electrode.The self-charging fabric can effectively collect human motion energy and store the converted electrical energy into energy storage devices to power electronic products.A coaxial rotary triboelectric nanogenerator（CRF-TENG）is designed and constructed.The generator can convert rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative rotation between rotor and stator.The theoretical model is constructed,and the working mechanism of CRF-TENG is revealed through finite element simulation.Then the theoretical output characteristics of CRF-TENG are obtained by establishing the mathematical model and analyzing the theoretical equation.The experimental results of output characteristics of CRF-TENG are in accordance with the theoretical results.Based on the preparation of CRF-TENG,the wind energy collector is constructed,which demonstrates the potential application of the CRF-TENG in environmental mechanical energy collection,and forecasts its application prospect in self-powered system.A wind energy collector is constructed based on a coaxial rotary triboelectric nanogenerator.The electro-spinning nanofibers serve as friction triboelectric materials.The device can efficiently convert wind energy into electricity.A self-powered H₂ evolution system is constructed based on the wind energy collector and electrolytic water splitting system.The wind energy in the environment can be converted into electricity and the energy can be used to splitting ion solution to generate hydrogen for the preparation of new clean energy.The property hydrogen rate of self-powered electrolysis water system was characterized by gas circulation system and gas chromatography.The work not only proposes an environment-friendly,simple and low-cost miniature wind power generation device,but also provides a new way for the large-scale preparation of new clean energy.