"declaration" Public Opinion Towards Japan (1931.9 ~ 1937.12)

After the September 18th Incident,what was the public opinions'main content on Japanese invasion?Media which published the public opinions was the best way to observe.Shun Pao was one piece of the most famous and influencial private newspaper.It reflected its readers'attitute against Japan to a great degree.This artcle is to orientate its historical position,on the basis of showing the concrete opinion of Shun Pao.From 1931 to 1937,Shun Pao's opinion against Japan included two aspects:one is its opinion against Japan and its reply.Shun Pao always opposed Japanese Imperialist's invasion,advocated resisting Japan's invasion with weapon.After the July 7th Incident of 1937,Shun Pao appealled to fight agaist Japan with all people and a lasting war,and believed China was sure to get th final victory.Shun Pao's attitude against National Government can be devided into three stages.The first stage was from September 1931 to August 1932,when Shun Pao sharply criticised Government's policy of nonresistance.The second stage was from August 1932 to the end of 1936,when Shun Pao relaxed attitude against Government.It obyed the Government in editorial,but at the same time,the left-wing writers who were engaged by Freedom Forum sharply critised Government and its governers with their essays.The third stage was from the beginning of 1937,when Shun Pao began to advocate resistance against Japan under the centralized leadership.If we compare Shun Pao with Ta Kung Pao on their propositions about peace or fight after the September 18th Incident,and also on their propositions after the July 7th Incident of 1937,we can see that Shun Pao's opinion on Japan was radical.Shun Pao's radical attitude was influenced by many aspects.First,the readers'propositions affected its attitude.When Shun Pao interacted with the readers,it did not only guide public opinion and people's understanding,but also accepted people's idea and magnified it,thus produced bigger power and more influence.Second,the support from Song Qinglin and Yang Xingfo,and the articles submitted from the leftist writers,thus made Freedom Forum became a spectacular expression location.Additionaly,many democrats also supported and participated Shun Pao.Under these conditions, Shun Pao sharply criticized Goernment and the governors.And Freedom Forum continue to supervise and criticize Goernment after Shun Pao was prohibitted to post.Last,Shi Liangcai's political protest also had great effect on the tenency of Shun Pao's opinions.From 1931 to 1937,Shun Pao cared about current events,cared about a way out when the nation and nationality suffered from national crisis.It strongly appealled for political reform,appealled to guarantee people's democratic rights.Evidently,Shun Pao had the political tendency .But as for the operation mode,Shun Pao operated commercilly. Shun Pao's estately operation and its pursue for profit was just like before.Shun Pao hesitated between commerciality and political nature.It reflected the journalists'complicated feelings in the period of national crisis.