Taxonomy And Molecular Phylogeny Of Several Genera Of Strophariaceae From China

Several genera of Strophariaceae, namely Pholiota, Naematoloma, Stropharia, Psilocybe, Kuehneromyces, Pleuroflammula and Flavopilus, were researched in taxonomy and molecular phylogeny.In taxonomy, a new genus, Flavopilus E. J. Tian & T. Bau was set up, a new Section of Subg. Flammuloides, Section Virescens E. J. Tian & T. Bau, was founded, a genus new to China, Pleuroflammula Singer & Simth, was discovered, and twenty five species of Pholiota (Fr.) Kummer, two species of Stropharia (Fr.)Quel., two species of Naematoloma Karst., one species of Psilocybe (Fr.) Kummer, one species of Kuehneromyces Singer & Smith, three species of Pleuroflammula Singer and one species of Flavopilus E. J. Tian & T. Bau, were identified. In these species, there are two new species, namely, Pholiota virescens E. J. Tian & T. Bau and Stropharia lentinuloides E. J. Tian & T. Bau; two new combination, namely, Naemotoloma hypholomoides (Murr.) E. J. Tian & T. Bau and Flavopilus subsulphureus (A. H. Sm. & Hesler) E. J. Tian & T. Bau; nineteen species new to China, namely, Pholiota abietis A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota alabamensis (Murr.) A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota bigelowii A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota condensa (Peck) A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota decorata (Murrill) A.H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholioto fagicola (Murr.) Kauffman, Pholiota flavescens A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota fulvodisca A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota gregariiformis (Murrill) A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota limonella (Pk.) Saccardo, Pholiota malicola (Kauffman) A.H. Sm., Pholiota pseudosiparia A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota scabella Zeller, Pholiota subangularis (Smith) A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiota vinaceobrunnea A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Pholiot virgata A. H. Sm. & Hesler, Stropharia earlei Norvell & Redhead, Pleuroflammula flammea (Murrill) Singer and Pleuroflammula praestans Horak; one varieties new to China, namely, Pholiota lutescens var. robusta A. H. Sm. & Hesler and three species new to province in China, namely, Pholiota luteola A. H. Sm. & Hesler (Inner Mongolia), Psilocybe fasciata Hongo (Inner Mongolia) and Pleuroflammula tuberculosa (Schaeff.) E. Horak.(Heilongjiang); and the names of Naematoloma subochraceum (A.H. Sm.) A.H. Sm and Pleuroflammula tuberculosa (Schaeff.) E. Horak were revised. In addition, Pholiota malicola var. macropoda Smith et Hesl., Pholiota discolor (Pk.)Sacc. and Pleuroflammula simulans E. Horak were excluded from China. The morphological descriptions and illustrations were provided in this paper. A key to the genera of Strophariaceae, a key to subgenera, sections and species of Pholiota, keys to sections and species of Naematoloma and Stropharia, and keys to species of Psilocybe and Pleuroflammula.The results of the phylogenetic tree based on the ITS and LSU sequences about the several genera of Strophariaceae showed that the genus framework of molecular phylogenic relationship inter this family were clear. They had the similar results through analyzing the relationships of the genera as< Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of Fungi> (10th edition). The results of the phylogenetic tree based on the ITS sequences about the species of Pholiota revealed that the subgenera based on morphology are polyphyletic, thus the existing infrageneric morphology-based system is imperfect.