Reasoning Mechanism And Philosophical Implication On Human-Computer Collaborative Systems

Since birth of computers and artificial intelligence,computers have begun to solve computation and reasoning instead of people.Computers’ computation and deductive inference are powerful, inductive reasoning and analogical inference are developing, especially,computers are expert in solving big data.In contrast,human beings have flexibility and creativity,which is lack in computers.In the meanwhile,the problems people need to face to are more complicated and difficult,which can’t be solved by only people or computers.Therefore,Human-Computer Collaborative Systems appeared,by human and computers collaborating each other to work out these difficulties.Human-Computer Collaborative Systems have been applied in the fields of medical diagnosis,weather forecast,geological prospecting,speech recognition,image processing,etc, and have profoundly affected science,technology,production and human’s life,after many years.However,features of reasoning mechanism and philosophical implication on Human-Computer Collaborative Systems are relatively few;especially, the philosophical research is not detailed,but limited in the framework of philosophy of artificial intelligence.This article tries to review the background and history of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems, discusses features and fundamental structure of reasoning mechanism of them, on this basis, goes further to research relative philosophical problems and implication.In the chapter one,the author identifies the concept of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems,and discusses the relative research status.In the chapter two,the article presents ideological roots and history of artificial intelligence,expounds symbolicism, connectionism, actionism, and points out that classical Human-Computer Collaborative Systems should belong to symbolicism.Further more,the author discusses the history, present situation and future of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems,and makes a point that they could work better instead of people, liberate people’s hands and brains.The chapter three elaborates features, realization condition and fundamental structure of reasoning mechanism of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems.Firstly,the article compares human’s reasoning and computers’ reasoning,makes a conclusion that each has its advantages and disadvantages.Consequently,to integrate human’s and computers’advantages is the realization condition of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems,which needs human’s and computers’ rational division of labor and cooperation.On this basis,the article analyzes fundamental structure of reasoning mechanism of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems,and points out a new opinion,reasoning mechanism of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems is a dynamic process in nature.The chapter four detailedly discusses that reasoning mechanism of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems is a dynamic process,using Doctor Watson and AlphaGo as example.Doctor Watson(Oncology Expert Advisor) is the most famous and advanced expert system in medical diagnosis.Doctor Watson improves doctors’ medical diagnosis,and strongly impacts people’s traditional medical conception.In March,2016,AlphaGo defeated World Weiqi Champion Lee Sedol,depending on its autonomous learning.This chapter tries to compare the reasoning mechanism of Doctor Watson and AlphaGo,points out Human-Computer Collaborative Systems have made great progress in several years,which embodies that human’s reasoning ability is migrating to intelligent machine systems constantly,and supports above-mentioned opinion.The chapter five,six and seven discuss philosophical implication of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems.In the chapter five,the article restates Herbert Alexander Simon and Allen Newell’s Physical Symbolic System Hypothesis,regards it as Physical Realized Symbolic System Hypothesis.Upon this basis,the author thinks that Human-Computer Collaborative Systems are computational systems in essence.The chapter six regards Human-Computer Collaborative System as a new cognitive subject,under certain conditions,and thinks that Human-Computer Collaborative Systems could make people understand and transform the world better.In the chapter seven,the author discusses axiology of Human-Computer Collaborative Systems.Human-Computer Collaborative Systems could promote space of human beings’life,and enhance evolution of human civilization.However, in the meanwhile,there are some risks in Human-Computer Collaborative Systems and artificial intelligence.