Clinical Application Of Common Insect Drugs In Malignant Tumor

Objective: To explore the clinical application of commonly used insect drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors by collecting modern literature containing insect drugs and Professor Cao Jianxiong’s medication characteristics in the treatment of malignant tumors with insect-based drugs,so as to provide a reference for the standard use of commonly used insect drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors.Methods:(1)Search through the electronic platform of Library of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,with China Journal Full-text Database(CNKI),China Academic Journal Database(WANFANG DATA),Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)and Duxiu Database as the main literature sources.The literature related to the prescription of insect drugs-containing for the treatment of malignant tumors from January 1993 to December 2022 was collected.After reading and sorting out the literature,the qualified literature was screened to establish a Microsoft Excel database according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the literature.Using statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0,frequency statistics,correlation analysis,cluster analysis and other methods,under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory,contact data statistical analysis results,and from the point of view of efficacy and indications,compatibility characteristics,dosage application,conjunctivities,adverse reactions and so on,combined with the patient’s constitution,disease location and disease character,to summarize the drug use characteristics of commonly used insect drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors,and preliminarily discuss the clinical application of commonly used insect drugs in malignant tumors.(2)Summarize Professor Cao Jianxiong’s medication characteristics in the treatment of malignant tumors with insect-based drugs through clinical follow-up and tutor teaching,and select typical medical cases for auxiliary evidence.Results:(1)A total of 185 journal articles and 6 books about prescriptions containing insect drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors were collected,and collected 436 prescription.(2)A total of 42 insect drugs were included,and 25 insect drugs were used more than 5 times,among which centipede was used the most,totaling 128 times,followed by turtle shell and scorpion,which were 111 times and100 times respectively.Next came oyster,stiff silkworm,ground beetle,honeycomb,house lizard,the membrane of a chicken’s gizzard,leech,bungarus parvus,earthworm,fossil fragments,tortoise shell,cicada slough,toad skin,aspongopus,flying squirrel’s droppings,cuttlebone,degelatined deer-horn,deer-horn glue,cornu bubali,blister beetle,zaocys dhumnade,etc.(3)The 42 insect drugs were mainly cold,and most of them were salty.They mainly returned to the liver and kidney,and there were 11 toxic drugs.(4)A total of 49 kinds of malignant tumors were treated with prescriptions containing insect drugs,of which 17 kinds were high frequency(frequency ≥ 10 times),and the main cases included lung cancer(93 cases),liver cancer(50 cases),breast cancer(40 cases),stomach cancer(39 cases),and bone secondary cancer(32 cases).(5)A total of 34 symptoms and signs were included in the prescriptions containing insect drugs,of which 18 were high frequency symptoms and signs(frequency ≥10 times),mainly including numbness(82 times),abdominal pain(59 times),abdominal distension(58 times),lymphadenopathy(41times)and headache(36 times).(6)There were 20 groups of drug combinations with high frequency in the prescriptions containing insect drugs,among which 10 groups were containing insect drugs combinations with high frequency.They were the membrane of a chicken’s gizzard-Poria cocos-bighead atractylodes rhizome,turtle beetle-Poria cocos-bighead atractylodes rhizome,fossil fragments-oyster,milkvetch root-oyster-Chinese thorowax root,jackinthepulpit tuber-appendiculate cremastra pseudobulb-stiff silkworm,jackinthepulpit tuber-scorpion-stiff silkworm,jackinthepulpit tuber-scorpion-centipede,honeycomb-Poria cocos-bighead atractylodes rhizome,the membrane of a chicken’s gizzard-dried tangerine peel-bighead atractylodes rhizome and sun euphorbia-stiff silkworm.(7)There were5 groups of potential drug combinations that could be mined in the prescription containing insect drugs,among which there were 3 groups of potential drug combinations containing insect drugs,which were Chinese thorowax root-baical skullcap root-oyster,centipede-scorpion,and appendiculate cremastra pseudobulb-stiff silkworm-honeycomb.(8)Some of the commonly used clinical doses of 25 high-frequency insect drugs were consistent with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia or the 11 th edition of the Chinese Materia Medica,and some exceeded the maximum doses stipulated in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia or the 11 th edition of the Chinese Materia Medica.(9)According to the efficacy,the commonly used insect drugs could be divided into five categories:promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis,counteracting toxic substance and dredging channels,removing toxicity substances and resolving mass,tonifying and cultivate the yuan,and others.The synergy characteristics included enhancement effect and deviation correction.Representative prescriptions included classical prescriptions such as didang decoction,dahuang zhechong wan,shengjiang powder,qinghao biejia decoction,and modern famous physicians’ experiential effective recipes.In clinical application,attention should be paid to the use of contraindications,allergic reactions,toxic reactions and other adverse reactions.(10)Professor Cao Jianxiong’s commonly used insect drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors include earthworm,scorpion,centipede,leek,terrapin and turtle A,etc.The idea of "three differentiation and treatment" that combines disease differentiation,syndrome differentiation and body differentiation is used throughout the whole process of the treatment of malignant tumors with insect drugs,and the good use of insect drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors with concurrent diseases is also emphasized when using insect drugs in clinical practice.Conclusion: The application of insect drugs in malignant tumors is widely and characteristic.This paper clarifies the application of modern clinical insect drugs in malignant tumors and summarizes the characteristics of their use through data analysis and research collation of modern literature containing insect drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors.This paper also summarizes the medication characteristics of Professor Cao Jianxiong in the treatment of malignant tumors with insect drugs,in order to provide a reference for clinical drug use.