| Ridge planting is widely used in China,especially in the cohesive soil environment in southwest China,ridge planting has been widely used in the planting of flue-cured tobacco,pepper,cotton,potato and other crops because of its advantages of drainage and ventilation,waterlogging and drought resistance,and easy field management.With the development of ridge raising technology,various ridge lifting tools have been popularized,which has greatly improved the ridge lifting efficiency.However,the existing ridge raising machine has many problems in the process of cohesive soil operation,such as ridge knife adhering to the soil and the ridge body is not full.In order to improve the adaptability of the ridge forming machine in the operation of cohesive soil environment,this paper uses the method of combining theoretical analysis,simulation and field test to carry out the research work on the structural design,key component design and simulation analysis of the whole ridge forming machine,and the design and optimization of bionic convex ridge knife based on the surface characteristics of dung beetle head.The main research results are as follows:(1)A ridge raising machine suitable for cohesive soil areas in China was designed.Firstly,combined with the agronomic requirements of ridge raising and the existing mechanized ridge raising technology,the structural design scheme of the ridge raising machine is proposed,and a design of the ridge raising machine suitable for the cohesive soil environment is completed.The structure of the whole machine mainly includes gasoline engine,frame,transmission system,gearbox,knife roller,depth limit wheel,handrail control device,shaping device,etc.Secondly,the working principle and multifunctional use of the ridge forming machine are elaborated in detail.Finally,the power required by the ridge raising machine was estimated,and the transmission system design was completed.(2)The design and optimization of the main working parts of the ridge raising machine was completed.Firstly,the soil conveyance of the ridge raising machine is calculated theoretically,the soil transport amount of the knife roller is modeled,and the influencing factors of the soil transport volume of the ridge raising machine are analyzed.Through the analysis,it can be seen that the main factors affecting the soil conveying volume are the maximum swing diameter,pitch,speed and forward speed of the knife roll.Secondly,the type of tool,installation angle,number of screw heads and configuration method are optimized.Through the design-expert12.0 software design four-factor threelevel test,the EDEM ridge rising machine soil conveyance simulation test was carried out.The test shows that when the maximum rotation diameter of the knife roller is 0.6m,the speed of the knife roller is 350r/min,the pitch is 0.17 m,and the forward speed of the unit is 0.56m/s,the soil conveying capacity of the knife roller is the largest.Finally,the tool rolls were subjected to force analysis,and static analysis was performed in ANSYS software on the ridge knife,rotary tillage knife and knife shaft of the main stressed parts.The results showed that the torque,circumferential force and axial force of the knife roller were 334.3N·m,1114.2N and 259.8N,respectively.The maximum stress of the ridge knife is 109.42 MPa and the maximum deformation is 1.71mm;the maximum stress value of the rotary tillage knife is 53.32 MPa and the maximum deformation variable is 0.29mm;the maximum stress of the knife shaft is 101.79 MPa and the maximum deformation is0.12 mm,which meets the design requirements.(3)Based on the characteristics of the non-smooth surface structure of the dung beetle’s body surface,a bionic convex ridge knife was designed,and the field test was completed.Firstly,based on the measurement data of the non-smooth surface structure characteristics of dung beetles’ heads,13 kinds of bionic convex ridge knives were designed,and the optimal diameter,height and area proportions of bionic convex ridge knives were obtained by response surface test to 4.637 mm,1.215 mm and 50.72%,respectively.Secondly,the anti-adhesion and desorption effect of three bionic convex hull ridge knives and the operating performance of the ridge raiser were verified through field tests.The comparative test of anti-adhesive and desorption shows that the bionic ridge knife II.has the best viscosity reduction effect,the bionic ridge knife III.has the second worst viscosity reduction effect,and the bionic ridge knife I and the prototype ridge knife have the worst viscosity reduction effect,and the test results are consistent with the simulation results.Compared with the prototype ridge starting knife,the average soil adhesion of Bionic Ridge Knife II under the moisture content of 18.73%,22.91% and26.87% decreased by 12.45%,24.64% and 6.19%,respectively.The operation performance test of the ridge raising machine shows that the ridge body is full,the moisture surface is flat,the ridge is straight and the trench is flat,and the working performance of the ridge raising machine is excellent.The machine meets the needs of working in a cohesive soil environment and achieves the design goal.The research results of this paper have guiding significance and practical value for improving the adaptability of the ridge raising machine in the cohesive soil environment in China and improving the adhesion of the ridge knife. |
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