| In this experiment,Hongyang kiwifruit planted under mountainous conditions in Chongqing was used as the main test material to optimize the current rain-shelter greenhouse.The optimized simple steel frame arch shed and different types of rain-shelter shed were compared in terms of cost-effectiveness and relative control effect on canker disease.Due to the construction of simple steel arch shed,the microenvironment in the shed was formed,and the temperature,humidity and light intensity inside and outside the shed were compared and the incidence of ulcer disease was studied.According to the generation of microclimate,three treatments were set up and compared with open field cultivation to explore the differences of internal and external quality of kiwifruit.The main results are as follows :(1)Under the conditions of mountainous areas in Chongqing,the optimized simple steel frame greenhouse is suitable for planting in a small area of 2-5acres.It has the advantages of low cost,labor saving,labor saving and alleviating heat damage.The integrated greenhouse optimizes the construction of the plant scaffold and the rain shelter scaffold together,thereby saving labor and material,reducing the cost and facilitating field management.The periodic rain avoidance study of open greenhouse showed that the disease index of canker was low,and the film was uncovered in May.The disease index was moderate,and the film was removed in June or July;the disease index was high,and the film was uncovered from August to September.Uncovering film at different time periods can help reduce heat damage,improve light and increase flower bud differentiation rate.The opening distance of the reel is 30 cm,which can reduce the heat damage,and the flower bud differentiation rate of Hongyang and Jinhong No.1 is greater than that of Donghong.The opening distance of 60 cm and 90 cm can significantly improve the flower bud differentiation rate of the three varieties,and the performance on Donghong is the most significant.(2)Comparing the simple steel frame greenhouse cultivation(R)with the open field cultivation(CK),the change trend of temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouse was consistent.The average temperature in R was 2.45℃ higher than CK,and the air humidity was 7.45 percentage points higher than CK.From February 14 to February 21,due to the late spring cold,the temperature reached the lowest value;on February 28,it can be seen that the temperature increase of CK is faster than that of R.It can be seen that the greenhouse insulation is better,and the average temperature change in the greenhouse is smaller than that in the open field.In the high incidence period of canker disease from February to April,the light intensity of the canopy inside and outside the shed was lower than that in the open field,which was due to the shelter effect of the rain shelter film on the light and the shelter of the plant branches.(3)The incidence,disease index and relative control effect of ulcer disease in different regions,different facility types and optimal film covering time were investigated.The results showed that the incidence of plants under rain-shelter cultivation was significantly lower than that under open cultivation(CK)(P < 0.05),and the general relative control effect was 88.38%-93.78%.The control effect of different types and film covering time showed the control effect grade of simple bamboo wood shed < rammed chain compound film roof shed < simple steel frame arch shed < multi-span steel frame arch shed,and the film covering was the best in October,and the relative control effect reached 93.26%.(4)At the fruit maturity stage,compared with open field cultivation(CK),bagging cultivation(CT),rain-shelter cultivation(RN),rain-shelter and bagging cultivation(RT)had no significant difference in fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter and fruit shape index.The surface finish was CK < RN < CT < RT.The highest fruit dry matter content was 24.5%-24.85% under RN.Under RT treatment,the vitamin C content of fruit was the lowest,the content of Hongyang was 131.2mg/100 g,Donghong was 123.96mg/100 g,Jinhong No.1 was 121.92mg/100g;The titratable acid content of fruit under RT,RN and CT was lower than that in open field.The soluble solids content of fruits under RN was the highest,Hongyang 22.47%,Donghong 22.18%,Jinhong No.1 21.7%.At the fruit maturity stage,the flesh and peel color of the fruit were different under different treatments.The chlorophyll content of CK was the highest,and the chlorophyll content of RT was the lowest.The carotenoid content of the four treatments was RT > RN = CT > CK.There was no significant difference in anthocyanin content among CK,RN and CT,and the anthocyanin content was higher than that of RT.Among the three varieties,the red pigment was Jinhong No.1 > Hongyang > Donghong. |
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