| Objective By detecting the concentration level of metabolites of phthalates(PAEs)in adult urine samples in Guangzhou,the exposure level and health risk of Phthalates(PAEs)were evaluated,and the factors that may affect the concentration of metabolites of PAEs were analyzed by questionnaire survey,so as to provide early warning for the prevention of the exposure hazards of PAEs in the population,and provide scientific basis for the government to formulate PAEs pollution prevention and control strategies and interventions.Methods(1)Health examination,questionnaire survey and urine collection were conducted among 980 permanent residents in three selected districts of Guangzhou by cluster sampling;(2)9 metabolites(m Bz P,mn BP,m CHP,mEHHP,mEHHP,mEHP,mEHP,mEOHP,mEP,mi BP,m MP)of 6 phthalates(PAEs)(BBz P,DBP,DEHP,DEP,Di BP,DMP)were determined as research indicators,and the concentration of 9metabolites in human urine samples was detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry;(3)Social demographic factors and health indicators of the population were obtained through questionnaire survey and physical examination results,and the relationship between sociodemographic factors and health indicators and the concentration of metabolites of phthalates(PAEs)was statistically analyzed.(4)The daily intake of PAEs,the health risk effect of single pollutants and the cumulative risk effect were calculated to evaluate the degree of health risk of phthalates(PAEs)to the population.Results(1)The total concentration of 9 kinds of phthalate(PAEs)metabolites in urine(∑9PAEs)ranged from 0.009-728.838 ng/m L,among which mn BP,mi BP and mEOHP had the highest concentration levels;(2)The results of the association analysis between sociodemographic and health index factors and the concentration of metabolites of PAEs: no statistically significant differences(p>0.05)were found between the concentrations of 9 metabolites and variables(BMI,whether there is environmental pollution 100 meters around the home,whether there is alcohol consumption,whether they smoke,whether they live with smokers for more than half a year,whether they participate in cooking every day,whether they take physical exercise,whether they have hypertension,whether they have diabetes,whether they have rhinitis);there were statistically significant differences between the subgroups of the variables(age,length of sleep,residential area,education level,annual household income,age at menarche in women,proportion of food in total expenditure(EC),and whether they have dyslipidemia)(p<0.05 or p <0.01).(3)Analysis of influencing factors of PAEs metabolites in urine suggested that residence,EC,education level,age,drinking condition,home environment,physical exercise,sleep duration,and annual household income were related to the concentration levels of 9 metabolites.Among them,living in Panyu or Conghua,abstaining from alcohol,high frequency physical exercise,and sleeping for more than 8 hours were protective factors for population phthalate exposure,high EC,high education level,and high annual household income were the risk factors for population phthalate exposure.(4)PAEs exposure level assessment: The daily exposure assessment results of PAEs showed that among the six PAEs,Di BP had the highest daily exposure concentration,with a median value(EDI)of 5.679 μg/kg bw/day,followed by DEHP,DBP,DEP,DMP and BBz P;The results of the exposure risk evaluation showed that the cumulative exposure risk of some people was greater than 1,but none of them exceeded 100.Conclusion The population in Guangzhou is exposed widespreadly to the six phthalates(PAEs)in the study target and may has low potential health risks.The health risks caused by PAEs exposure can be reduced by strengthening the education of health knowledge such as alcohol abstinence,increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and improving sleep duration.The study could provide scientific basis for the government to formulate PAEs pollution prevention and control strategies and interventions. |
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