| Objective:To investigate the alterations and features of systemic inflammatory response and peroxidation damage subsequent to chest trauma in high altitude and cold regions as well as in states of wartime stress,and to offer a theoretical basis for the clinical management of chest trauma in high altitude and cold regions.Methods:Twenty experimental goats were randomly allocated into four groups,regardless of gender,with five goats in each group.Group A(High Altitude Wartime Group)was acclimatized to a high altitude environment of around 4600 meters for one week prior to the experiment.Three days before the experiment,a simulated wartime stress state was induced,and after completion,the goats were positioned at a distance of 3.5 meters from the explosion center in a standing position to cause injury.Group B(plateau peacetime group)was acclimatized to the same plateau environment as Group A for one week prior to the experiment.After the completion of wartime stress simulation in Group A,the same batch was positioned at a distance of 3.5 meters from the explosion center in a standing position to cause injury.Group C(Plain Wartime Group)was acclimatized to a plain environment at an altitude of approximately 285 meters for one week prior to the experiment.Three days before the experiment,they began to simulate the wartime stress state,and after completion,they were positioned at a distance of 3.5 meters from the explosion center in a standing position to cause injury.Group D(plain peacetime group)was acclimatized to the same plain environment as Group C at an altitude of 285 meters for one week prior to the experiment.After the simulation of wartime stress state in Group C was completed,the same batch was positioned at a distance of 3.5 meters from the explosion center in a standing position to cause injury.Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each goat before and at 10,30,2,and 6 hours after injury to determine the levels of TNF-α,IL-10,T-SOD,and MDA in each experimental group.result:(1)Comparison of TNF-α within and between groups over time: Before injury,the values in Groups A and C were significantly higher than those in Groups B and D(p<0.05).Group A showed the fastest upward trend throughout the subsequent process and began to significantly differ from the other groups after 30 minutes(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in the upward trend and numerical value between Group C and Group A 30 minutes ago(p>0.05),but its upward trend and numerical value were significantly greater than those of Group B(p<0.05).At 2 hours after injury,the upward trend in Group B significantly increased and was already greater than that of Group C(p<0.05).Although the numerical value was not significantly different(p>0.05),it was inversely superior to that of Group C.At6 hours after injury,the upward trend and numerical value in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group C(p<0.05).Group D maintained an upward trend throughout the entire process,but there was no significant change compared to other groups.(2)Comparison of IL-10 within and between groups over time: Before injury,the values in Groups A and C were significantly higher than those in Groups B and D(p<0.05).Group A showed the fastest upward trend throughout the subsequent process and began to significantly differ from other groups after 30 minutes(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in the upward trend and value between Group C and Group A 30 minutes ago(p>0.05),but its upward trend was slightly larger than that of Group B,with no significant difference(p>0.05).However,the upward trend in Group B was still significantly greater than that of Group B(p<0.05).At 2 hours after injury,the upward trend in Group B significantly increased and was significantly greater than that of Group C(p<0.05).Although the numerical value was still slightly lower than that of Group C,there was no significant statistical difference(p>0.05).At6 hours after injury,the upward trend in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group C(p<0.05),and the numerical value was inversely higher than that in Group C,but there was no statistical difference between the two groups(p>0.05).Group D maintained an upward trend throughout the entire process,but there was no significant change compared to other groups.(3)Comparison of T-SOD within and between groups over time: Before injury,there was a significant difference in T-SOD between each group,with Group A>C>B>D(p<0.05).Thirty minutes after injury,the upward trend in Groups A and B was significantly higher than that in Groups C and D(p<0.05),with Group A reaching a peak and no subsequent significant changes.The value in Group B was significantly higher than that in Group C but not statistically significant(p>0.05).The upward trend in Groups C and D was not significant.At2 hours after injury,the upward trend in Group B was more significant than before(p<0.05),reaching a peak value that was statistically different from Group A(p<0.05)and had already surpassed Group C,although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups(p>0.05).The upward trend in Groups C and D was significantly increased compared to the previous period(p<0.05).At 6 hours after injury,the upward trend of Group C and D was still significantly increased compared to the previous period(p<0.05),with Group C significantly exceeding Group B in numerical value(p<0.05),and Group D also significantly increasing,with no significant difference from Group A(p>0.05).(4)Comparison of MDA within and between groups over time: Before injury,there were some differences in each group,with Group A>C,Group C>B,and Group B>D,but there was no statistical significance(p>0.05).After 30 minutes of injury,the upward trend of MDA in Groups A and B was significantly increased compared to the previous period(p<0.05),with Group A significantly larger in value than Group C(p<0.05),while Group B was still smaller than the previous value(p>0.05).There was no statistical difference between the two groups(p>0.05).The upward trend in Groups C and D was still not significant compared to the previous period(p>0.05).At 2 hours after injury,the upward trend in Groups A and B was more significant than before(p<0.05),and Group B had exceeded Group C in numerical value,with a significant difference(p<0.05).The upward trend in Groups C and D was still relatively slow,with no significant difference compared to the previous period(p>0.05).At 6hours after injury,Groups A and B still maintained a high upward trend,with a more significant difference compared to Groups C and D(p<0.05).Conclusion:1.Environmental factors in high altitude and cold regions can lead to more severe systemic inflammatory reactions following chest trauma.2.Wartime stress can exacerbate inflammatory reactions following chest trauma.3.Within 2 hours of injury,the wartime stress state has a more significant impact on the exacerbation of the body’s inflammatory reaction.After 2 hours,the environment in high altitude and cold regions has a more significant impact on the exacerbation of the inflammatory reaction4.Environmental factors in high altitude and cold regions can cause oxidative damage to the body and decrease the body’s antioxidant capacity reserve;5.Wartime stress can cause oxidative damage to the body and decrease the body’s antioxidant capacity reserve;6.Before and within 30 minutes after injury,wartime stress status had a more significant impact on the aggravation of oxidative damage.After 30 minutes,environmental factors in high altitude and cold regions had a more significant impact on the aggravation of oxidative damage. |
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