| Objective:This study investigated the current situation of vicarious trauma,empathy and perceived social support of nurses in emergency department of Grade A hospital in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province,analyzed the factors affecting vicarious trauma,empathy and perceived social support of nurses in emergency department,and explored the relationship between empathy,perceived social support and vicarious trauma of nurses in emergency department.To understand the mediating effects of perceived social support on empathy and vicarious trauma.In view of the existing problems,reasonable suggestions were put forward to improve the awareness of emergency nurses and nursing managers on vicarious trauma,and to provide reference for improving the relevant research on vicarious trauma and mental health of emergency nurses.Methods:A total of 186 emergency department nurses meeting the standard from three Grade A hospitals in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method.The self-designed general data questionnaire,Alternative Trauma Questionnaire for disaster Relief workers(VTQ),Chinese version of Interpersonal Response Indicator Scale(IRI-C)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)were used to investigate nurses in emergency department through online electronic questionnaires.After the data were exported and collated,SPSS26.0 and Process4.0 plug-ins were used for statistical analysis of the data,which mainly included independent sample t test,one-way analysis of variance,correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:(1)The total score of vicarious trauma of emergency department nurses was(86.98±23.79),and the entries were all(2.28±0.62).The scores of each dimension were:cognitive response(8.52±3.28)points,emotional response(22.07±6.89)points,behavioral response(16.45±4.73)points,life belief(15.65±4.74)points,physiological response(24.30±8.66)points,in which the physiological response dimension score was the highest,the cognitive response dimension score was the lowest.Independent sample T-test results showed that there were differences in vicarious trauma scores of emergency department nurses with different genders,whether they had experienced traumatic events,whether they or their family members suffered from serious diseases,whether they had participated in trauma training,and whether they chose nursing occupation(P < 0.05).Univariate analysis of variance showed that vicarious trauma scores of emergency department nurses with different working years and personality types were different(P < 0.05).(2)The total empathy score of nurses in emergency department was(55.12±13.56)points,and the entries were(2.51±0.62)points.The scores of each dimension were as follows: opinion selection(12.45±3.65)points,imagination(15.01±4.18)points,empathic concern(17.52±4.11)points,personal pain(10.14±4.52)points,of which empathic concern dimension score was the highest,personal pain dimension score was the lowest.The results of independent sample T-test showed that there were differences in the empathy scores of nurses with different education backgrounds in emergency department(P < 0.05).The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there were differences in the empathy scores of emergency department nurses with different ages,working years,marital status,employment nature and professional title(P < 0.05).(3)The total score of perceptive social support of nurses in emergency department was(59.39±11.99),and the average score of items was(4.95±1.00).The scores of each dimension were: family support(20.08±4.99)points,friend support(20.09±4.15)points,other support(19.22±4.44)points,among which the friend support dimension score was the highest,the other support dimension score was the lowest.The results of independent sample T-test showed that there were differences in perceptive social support scores of emergency department nurses with different education backgrounds(P < 0.05).The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there were differences in perceived social support scores of emergency department nurses with different personality types,whether they had experienced traumatic events or not,and different nursing career reselection(P <0.05).(4)The total score of empathy was positively correlated with the total score of vicarious trauma,cognitive response,emotional response,behavioral response and physiological response(P < 0.05),and the total score of perceived social support was negatively correlated with the total score of vicarious trauma,cognitive response,emotional response and life belief(P < 0.05).The total score of empathy was positively correlated with the total score of perceived social support and friend support(P < 0.05).(5)Personal pain and imagination of nurses in emergency department can positively predict vicarious trauma level,empathic care,other support and whether nurses have experienced traumatic events can negatively predict vicarious trauma level,which can jointly explain 56.00% variation of vicarious trauma.The standardized regression coefficient of personal pain is the largest,indicating that personal pain has the greatest impact on vicarious trauma.(6)The mediating effect of perceived social support between empathy and vicarious trauma was the masking effect,and the masking effect size was 22.25%.Conclusion:(1)Vicarious trauma among emergency department nurses was lower than moderate.Nurses who were female,had a working life of 11-15 years,introverted personality,had experienced a traumatic event,had serious illness in themselves or their family members,had not received training in psychological trauma courses,and held a negative attitude towards the re-choice of nursing profession.It is suggested that nursing managers should conduct individualized intervention according to the individual characteristics of emergency department nurses in order to avoid vicarious trauma.(2)The empathy of emergency department nurses was above average.Nurses under25 years old,working life of 1-3 years,junior professional title,unmarried,master level or above,other types of employment have higher empathy ability.In the fractal dimension,the score of empathic concern was the highest,and the score of personal pain was the lowest.This suggests that nurses in emergency department should provide appropriate empathic care to patients in order to reduce the occurrence of negative emotions and personal pain.(3)The understanding of social support among Ed nurses was at a moderate level.Nurses with a master’s degree or above,extroversion,experience of a traumatic event,and positive attitudes toward the re-choice of a nursing career had higher awareness of social support.In the sub-dimension,the other supporting dimensions scored the lowest.Family,friends,colleagues,and nursing managers should therefore offer compassion,respect,and support to emergency department nurses,affirm personal values and abilities,and help them better understand the importance of social support.(4)There was significant correlation between vicarious trauma,empathy and perceived social support among emergency department nurses.There was significant positive correlation between empathy and vicarious trauma,positive correlation between empathy and perceived social support,and negative correlation between vicarious trauma and perceived social support among emergency department nurses.(5)Personal distress and imagination of emergency department nurses positively predicted vicarious trauma,while empathic care,other support and whether nurses had experienced traumatic events negatively predicted vicarious trauma.(6)The mediating effect of perceived social support between empathy and vicarious trauma was the masking effect. |
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