| In recent years,the detection rate of tumors has gradually increased,with high complications and mortality rates,as well as phenomena such as weakness and emaciation.During the illness,due to the decrease in patients’ appetite and food intake,their glucose,proteins,and fats are decomposed,causing abnormal energy consumption and malnutrition.The treatments such as surgery,radiotherapy,and chemotherapy can also cause patients to feel nausea,vomiting,bloating,diarrhea,etc.,affecting their appetite and nutrient absorption.Parenteral nutrition is a traditional method of nutritional support,but it is gradually being phased out due to its intestinal abandonment,which causes intestinal mucosal atrophy and various complications.In recent years,the rise of enteral nutrition support can improve the nutritional status of cancer patients,improve their quality of life,and is an important part of clinical nutrition treatment in China and a very effective adjuvant treatment measure.Special medical purpose formula foods(referred to as "special medical foods")are a new industry in China and can be used to provide nutritional support to specific populations as enteral nutrition preparations.Tumor total nutritional formula food is a specific total nutritional formula food for tumor patients in special medical foods,which can meet their nutritional needs and adapt to their nutritional metabolism characteristics to improve their malnutrition.Currently,there are few types of tumor total nutritional formula food products,and they are immature compared to foreign products.Therefore,according to the nutritional needs of tumor patients,we designed a homemade tumor total nutritional formula food(ZZ)that meets the requirements of the National Standard for Tumor Total Nutritional Formula Food(draft for comments).The added amounts of protein,fat,carbohydrates,and dietary fiber per 100 g are24.84 g,27.35 g,36.27 g,and 6.90 g,respectively,and the energy supply ratio is1:2.4:1.5.Immune nutrients,including arginine,glutamine,and leucine,are also added to the product,with an added amount of(g)per 100 g of 2.92,0.97,and 0.73,respectively,to enhance the body’s immune system.On this basis,we added lotus leaf,mulberry leaf,and Coix seed,three medicines and food homologous ingredients,to upgrade ZZ into medical food tumor total nutritional formula food(ZY).Then,according to the national standard,the main energy substances,vitamins,and mineral indicators of the two were analyzed,and the results were consistent with the nutritional composition data calculated during formulation development.This indicates that the nutritional content was not lost during the formulation process,the lead content met the requirements of the standard for heavy metal restriction for tumor patients,and the ash content,moisture content,and microbial colonies all met the relevant requirements of the National Standard for Tumor Total Nutritional Formula Food(draft for comments)and the research and development index.Then,the in vitro simulated digestion and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of the two tumor total nutritional formula foods(ZZ and ZY)were studied.The results of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments showed that the digestive rate of protein in ZZ and ZY was higher than that of Quan Ansu,a total nutritional formula food circulated in the market.Both ZZ and ZY can enhance the activity of RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentrations of 0.5-1mg/m L,promote cell proliferation,and can reduce the secretion levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1(IL-1),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in LPS-stimulated macrophages,without significantly affecting the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10(IL-10).At 1mg/m L,both ZZ and ZY can inhibit the activity of S-180 mouse ascites hepatoma cells and can suppress cell proliferation.Over time,ZY has a higher inhibition rate on S-180 mouse ascites hepatoma cells than ZZ.Furthermore,the nutritional intervention and inflammation effects of the two tumor total nutritional formula foods(ZZ and ZY)on S-180 mouse ascites hepatoma model mice were studied.The tumor mouse model was prepared by injecting S-180 mouse ascites hepatoma cells into the armpit,and experimental groups(ZZ and ZY),experimental+chemotherapy drug groups(ZZH and ZYH),positive control groups(Q),positive control+chemotherapy drug groups(QH),blank control group(B),blank control+chemotherapy drug group(BH),and control group(C)were set up.After daily consumption of ZZ and ZY for 14 days,the changes in body weight and liver/spleen index,tumor inhibition rate,and nutritional indicators,inflammation indicators,and immune indicators in the tumor mice were analyzed.The results showed that during the period of nutritional support of tumor total nutritional formula food,compared with the blank control group,the body weight,liver/spleen index,and tumor inhibition rate of the mice in the ZZ and ZY groups significantly increased,and the liver/spleen index of the ZY group was significantly higher than that of the ZZ group.The body weight,liver/spleen index,and tumor inhibition rate of ZZH and ZYH groups were significantly different from those of ZZ and ZY groups,and the tumor inhibition rate of ZYH was significantly higher than that of ZZH,with tumor inhibition rates of30.0% and 34.4% for ZZH and ZYH,respectively,both of which were superior to the mouse treated with chemotherapy alone(ZZ:18.6% and ZY:24.4%).ZZ,ZY,ZZH,and ZYH can all significantly regulate the levels of prealbumin(PA),IL-1,IL-10,and TNF-α,as well as immune cells and C-reactive protein(CRP)in the blood serum of tumor mice,To achieve the effect of balancing the immune level of tumor-bearing mice and the effects were significantly improved when used in combination with chemotherapy drugs.In summary,the homemade tumor total nutritional formula food and medical food tumor total nutritional formula food developed based on the nutritional metabolism characteristics of tumor patients have a high digestion rate,anti-inflammatory and auxiliary anti-tumor effects,can control inflammatory indicator levels,improve immune cell and nutritional indicator levels,improve immune function,and ultimately improve the quality of life and inhibition rate of tumor mice.The research results can provide development ideas and theoretical basis for the independent research and development of tumor total nutritional formula food suitable for Chinese people. |
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