The Current Situation Of Violence Exposure Among Junior High School Students In Gannan Area And The Mechanism Of Its Effect On Depression

Objective:According to the United Nations Children ’s Fund(UNICEF),one child dies every seven minutes from exposure to violence,and about 60 % of adolescents have experienced different degrees of exposure to violence at least in the past month.Thus,exposure to violence has become an urgent public health problem.Adolescence is a stage of rapid development of the brain ’s nerves,with high cognitive plasticity.Adolescents in this period will use people around them(such as parents,peers)as models to shape their emotional diagrams.For example,when parents solve problems through ’ violence ’,teenagers will default this way as a normal way to solve problems so as to carry out the same behavior to people around them,and produce aggressive behavior over time.Not only that,adolescents who are exposed to violence can also suffer from various mental health problems,such as depression and anxiety.Therefore,on the basis of horizontal analysis,this study explores the current situation of violence exposure and depression in Gannan area,and determines the impact of violence exposure on adolescent depression in Gannan area and the mechanism of rumination,emotional balance and mindfulness in its influence.Methods:A simple random cluster sampling method was used to select 3(Ganzhou city,county,township)junior high school students from grade 1 to grade 3 to conduct a paper questionnaire survey,a total of 2870 paper questionnaires were distributed.A total of 2870 middle school students from three different middle schools in Gannan were investigated by using the Violence Exposure Scale,the National Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale,the Emotional Balance Scale,the Rumination Scale and the National Youth and Children ’s Mindfulness Scale.The data were statistically described and analyzed by SPSS26.0 software.Independent sample T test and one-way analysis of variance were used to obtain the differences in scores of demographic variables in violence exposure,depression,rumination and emotional balance.Pearson product-moment correlation analysis was used to describe the correlation between variables.Multilevel regression analysis was used to test the moderating effect of emotional balance.The mediating effect of rumination and the moderating effect of mindfulness in the process of violence exposure through rumination on depression were tested by PROCESS software,and the test level wasα= 0.05.Results:1.In terms of violence exposure variables,there were statistically significant differences in the scores of different genders,grades,whether the only child,father /mother ’s education level and family type(t/F= 3.85,21.14,2.90,7.62,8.13,8.12,p < 0.01);there were significant differences in the scores of rumination among middle school students with different genders,grades and parents ’ education levels(t/F=-5.85,30.54,5.36,4.98,p < 0.01).There were significant differences in depression scores among middle school students of different genders,grades and family types(t/F=-7.05,18.61,7.42,p < 0.01).There were significant differences in emotional balance scores among middle school students with different gender,grade,father ’s education level and mother ’s education level(t/F=7.93,9.22,7.71,6.86,p <0.01).The scores of middle school students with different genders,grades and family types were statistically significant(t/F= 5.69,52.49,7.15,P < 0.01);2.The results of correlation analysis showed that the level of violence exposure in junior high school students was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with emotional balance(r=0.34,-0.20,p<0.01);3.The results of hierarchical regression model showed that emotional balance played a moderating role between violence exposure and depression in junior high school students(t=-3.35,β=-0.02,p < 0.01),that is,compared with individuals with lower emotional balance,violence exposure had a weaker impact on individuals with higher emotional balance.High emotional balance level can buffer the effect of violence exposure on adolescent depression to some extent;4.Rumination played a partial mediating role in the influence of violence exposure on depression of junior high school students.The mediating effect was0.108,accounting for 31.58 % of the total effect;5.Mindfulness moderated the second half of violent exposure → rumination→ depression pathway(β=-0.076,t=-5.478,p < 0.001).The above results suggest that schools and relevant departments should focus on the violence exposure and depression of adolescents,improve the individual ’s emotional balance ability,and set up courses or lectures related to mindfulness,so that adolescents can have sufficient cognitive resources in the stage of rapid development.Correctly face the occurrence of traumatic events,enhance individual resilience,reduce negative psychological emotions such as anxiety and depression,and protect the mental health development of adolescents.Conclusion:1.There is a significant positive correlation between violence exposure and depressive mood of junior high school students,that is,the depressive mood of junior high school students increases with the increase of violence exposure;2.Emotional balance plays a regulatory role in the impact of violence exposure on depression in junior high school students,that is,high emotional balance can effectively alleviate the negative impact of violence exposure on early adolescent depression and reduce the incidence of adolescent depression;3.Rumination plays a partial mediating role in the influence of violence exposure on depression,and its mediating effect value is 0.108,that is,violence exposure indirectly affects the depression of junior high school students through rumination;4.High levels of mindfulness buffer the negative effects of exposure to violence on depression through rumination and are protective factors for adolescent mental health.