| Objective:According to the Department of Infectious Diseases Control of the Ministry of Health of Laos,there were 151491 cases of malaria and 209 deaths between 2000 and 2021.Malaria cases were reported from 18 provinces(city)of the country,especially with a high malaria cases from 2009 to 2017,accounting to 59.8%of the total number of cases during this period,then declined rapidly,with 3,926 cases in 2021,and entering the phase of elimination of malaria.Historically,Houaphan Province was one of the most serious malaria-endemic provinces,with the advance of the elimination of malaria,new changes had taken place in the epidemiological characteristics of malaria,this study was investigated it and its affect factors,providing the reference for formulating local effective malaria elimination strategies and measures.Methods:In Kang Nam ET village of Muang ET county,Houaphan Province,Phoun kao village of Viengxai County,Donekhoun village of Viengthong County,Soblao village of Houamuang County and Done village of Xamneua County,selected them as the field sites for anopheles mosquito collection and malaria prevent knowledge survey.The adult Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and cattle houses whole mosquito catching for 3 consecutive days,and by the morphological identification for all collecting adult mosquitoes or 4th instar larvae,the species composition of malaria vectors were investigated,as well as their important ecological habits;the seasonal fluctuation of local malaria case was investigated by the surveillance of suspected malaria cases;above data were analyzed by using Excel 2013 and SPSS 24.0 software.The local resident knowledge,attitude and vector control pattern of malaria prevention and control were investigated by random sampling method in the above-mentioned investigation sites,the data were enrolled into Microsoft Excel and the chi-square test,the correlation between the data and the factors of malaria infection were analyzed,it was considered that the factors analyzed were different between case group and non-case group as p value was low at0.05.Results: A total of 638 Anopheles species of 12 species were captured,among them Anopheles maculatus,Anopheles minimus,Anopheles sinensis were the dominant populations,accounting for 27.11%(173/638),20.69%(132/638)and19.28%(123/638)respectively.Both An.maculatus and An.minimus had the biting activities throughout the night,but their peaks were occurred at dusk(19:00-20:00)and midnight(00:00-01:00)respectively.21991 suspected malaria cases were detected from 2011 to 2021,of them 123 cases(0.56%)were positive,all of them were vivax malaria.There was no significant difference whether infected malaria or not on sex,education and occupation(P>0.05),but with significant differences between underage group and adults group,age group less than 60 years old and more than 60 years old(P<0.05),and without differences whether infected malaria or not on businessmen,housewives,workers,gardeners,civil servants,unemployed and other occupations(P<0.05),and with significant differences among Cognitive fever,headache,muscle soreness,nausea and other symptoms,and Grass-roots medical personnel,television and community and other publicity channels,as well as significant differences on the actively taking mosquito control measures such as mosquito net,mosquito-repellent incense,fan,cloth,repellent,sand door,sand window,and covering water container with its cover to prevent local residents(P<0.05).Conclusion: The malaria vectors in Houaphan Province are mainly Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles minimus.Plasmodium vivax predominates;local residents had low malaria knowledge and actively taking effective malaria prevention and control measures.The risk of malaria epidemic was still high,suggesting that the local departments should strengthen the awareness of malaria prevention and control,as well as malaria import cases surveillance. |
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