| Background: Polygalae Radix(PR)is the dried root of Polygala tenuifolia Willd.or Polygala sibirica L.,which has the functions of calming the mind and intelligence,promoting heart and kidney,eliminating phlegm,and reducing swelling.Its active ingredients include triterpene saponins,xanthones,sugar esters,alkaloids,etc.The survey found that when processing the origin of PR,only the root bark of the traditional medicinal part is generally taken,and the xylem,stem and leaf are discarded,which accounts for about half of the total plant,resulting in certain environmental pollution and waste of resources.According to the textual research of ancient books,it is found that the stem and leaf of PR not only have similar effects with the root bark,but also have the effects of beneficial essence,Yijing,tonifying Yin,fill consumption,and stop spermatorrhea.At present,the research basis of the chemical composition of the xylem,stem and leaf of PR is weak.The composition difference between the non-medicinal parts and the medicinal parts of PR is not clear,which restricts the full utilization of PR resources to a certain extent.Objective: Comprehensively characterize the chemical composition of xylem,stem and leaf of non-medicinal parts.To clarify the differences between xylem,stem and leaf and root bark.To lay the foundation for efficient utilization of PR resources.Methods: 1.UPLC-Q/TOF-MS was used to collect the mass spectrum data of the xylem,stem and leaf of PR.The chemical components of non-medicinal parts of PR were comprehensively analyzed by using the self-established PR chemical composition database and flavonoid database,AB SCIEX traditional Chinese medicine database,MS DIAL lipid database and GNPS molecular network strategy.2.Content determination of different batches of root bark,xylem,stem and leaf was carried out according to the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020).The relative content differences among the root bark,xylem,stem and leaf of PR were comprehensively characterized by metabolomics technology.3.Based on the relative content of xanthones and flavonoids in the stem and leaf is higher than root bark,and the unique xanthones and flavonoids in the stem and leaf relative to the root bark,the mechanism of their effect of “Yijing and tonifying Yin” was explored by network pharmacology.Results: 1.A total of 280 compounds were identified from the xylem,stem and leaf,including 40 triterpene saponins,39 xanthones,81 sugar esters,19 flavonoids,10 organic acids(esters),13 amino acids,37 lipids,etc.These included 58 compounds not previously reported in PR.At the same time,the chemical composition of the xylem was basically the same as that of the root bark,while the number of flavonoids in the stem and leaf was more than that in the root bark.2.The results showed the content of xylem,stem and leaf of the tenuifolin,polygalaxanthone III and 3,6′-Disinapoyl sucrose content below the root bark.However,metabolomics results showed that 19 and 47 metabolites were higher in the xylem and stem and leaf than in the root bark,respectively.At the same time,the contents of 7components in the xylem were higher than those in the stem and leaf,while 38 components in the stem and leaf were higher than those in the xylem and root bark,mainly xanthones and flavonoids.3.The results of network pharmacology suggested that quercetin,rutin,1,3,7-trimethoxyxanthone and other components may be the material basis for the “Yijing and tonifying Yin” effect of the stem and leaf of PR,and the mechanism may be through the regulation of PTGS2,CREB1,ESR1,IL6 and other related targets.It acts on cancer pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,and other pathways.Conclusion: This study is the first to comprehensively characterize the chemical composition of the xylem,stem and leaf of the non-medicinal parts of PR.Subsequently,through metabolomics study,the relative content differences of components among xylem,stem and leaf and medicinal parts were clarified,and chemical components specifically enriched in xylem,stem and leaf were found.At the same time,network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanism of stem and leaf of PR.The results of this study laid a chemical foundation for resource utilization of non-medicinal parts of PR. |
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