| Objective: The study aimed to analyze the situation of the loneliness,self-esteem and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients.To explore the relationship between loneliness,self-esteem and quality of life in middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients,which will provide a reference basis for the health education of hypertensive patients in the hospital.Methods: The study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022,and a questionnaire survey of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients hospitalized in the cardiovascular medicine and geriatrics departments of two hospitals within Wuhu,Anhui Province was selected.This study was conducted by one-to-one,anonymous survey.A total of 430 questionnaires were distributed.The general information questionnaire,University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale(UCLA),Self-esteem Scale(SES),and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36)were used to investigate hypertensive patients,respectively.The data were entered by epidata 3.0software,and the SPSS26.0 software was used for descriptive analysis,t-test,one-way ANOVA,pearson correlation analysis,and multiple linear regression analysis.The AMOS24.0 software was used to construct the structural equation model,and the mediating effect was tested with Bootstrap method.Results: The score of UCLA,SES,and SF-36 were(34.97±8.53),(29.54±5.44),and(58.83±19.78)respectively.The UCLA scores statistically differed by age,education,social activity,drinking and exercise(P<0.05).The SES scores statistically differed by education,living status,social activities,residence,drinking and exercise(P<0.05).The SF-36 scores statistically differed by age,gender,education,disease duration,living status,social activities,smoking,drinking,number of drugs,and exercise.(P<0.05).The results of linear regression analysis showed that loneliness proved to be negative predictor of quality of life(β=-0.360,t=-8.266,P<0.001)and self-esteem(β=-0.398,t=-9.008,P<0.001).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that loneliness(β=-0.231,t=-5.117,P<0.001)and self-esteem(β=0.325,t=6.995,P<0.001)proved to be predictor of quality of life.The results of the structural equation model showed that the direct effect of loneliness on self-esteem was-0.557,the direct effect of self-esteem on quality of life was 0.466,the direct effect of loneliness on quality of life was-0.280,and the indirect effect of loneliness on quality of life was-0.259,accounting for 48.05% of the total effect(-0.259/-0.539).Conclusion: Higher levels of loneliness among hypertensive patients who were elderly,less educated,no social activities,no drinking and less exercise.Lower levels of self-esteem among hypertensive patients who were less educated,lived alone,no social activities,rural,no drinking and less exercise.Worse quality of life among hypertensive patients who were elderly,female,low educated,longer duration of disease,lived alone,no social activities,no smoking,no drinking,taking more than 3 types of medications and less exercise.Self-esteem and quality of life were negative predictors of loneliness,and quality of life was positive predictor of self-esteem.Loneliness plays indirect effect on self-esteem and quality of life among middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients.Medical and nursing staff should take measures to enhance self-esteem and reduce loneliness among middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients.Eventually,it improves their quality of life. |
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