| Objective: This study intends to explore the effects of A single bout of “KAATSU” training combinded with low-intensity resistance exercise under different pressures on the hypoxia state of obese individuals and the insulin resistance of adipose tissue under the condition of hypoxia state change,so as to provide new ideas,exercise programs and empirical evidence for improving adipose tissue insulin resistance of obese individuals and treating obesity and related metabolic diseases by taking hypoxia as the target in the later period.Methods: This study adopted the method of literature,experimental study and mathematical statistics.The part of the experimental study was designed as a randomized controlled experiment,including 22 obese male individuals with the body fat percentage >25%,no exercise habits,no exercise contraindications,no other diseases and complications.Exercise intervention was taken as the basis of grouping,and the subjects were randomly divided into high pressure group and low pressure group,and pressure resistance exercise under different pressures was performed respectively.Exercise cycle: 7 days;Movement frequency: 1 time/week;Exercise time: about 30min/ time;Exercise intensity: RPE: 11~13,wearing pressure of 150 mm Hg,high pressure pressure of 80%AOP,low pressure of 60%AOP,the upper limb pressure of both groups is lower than the lower limb pressure of 100 mm Hg.The elbow venous blood of the subjects was collected at four time points : before exercise,immediately after exercise,1h after exercise and 24 h after exercise.The elbow venous blood samples were taken from four time points before exercise,immediately after exercise,1h after exercise,and 24 h after exercise to determine insulin,free fatty acids(FFAs),adipose tissue insulin resistance index(Adipo-IRI= insulin * FF As),hormone sensitive lipase(HSL),lipoprotein lipase(LPL),hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),nitric oxide(nitric oxide),NO),Angiopoietin-II(ANG-Ⅱ),.In this study,five mathematical statistics methods were used to analyze and compare experimental data:Paired-samples T test was used for inter-group comparison,two Independent Samples T Test was used for inter-group comparison,one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used for intra-group comparison,and two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the time * group interaction effect,time effect and group effect of experimental data.A mixed linear model of repeated measurements with time-varying covariables was used to explore the relationship between the two indicators.Results:(1)Insulin resistance and lipolysis in adipose tissue: 1)intra-group comparison:A.Paired-samples T test: Adipo-IRI in adipose tissue insulin resistance: Adipo-IRI in both high pressure group and low pressure group was significantly decreased after exercise(P<0.05),and the duration of adipo-IRI in high pressure group was longer.The relevant indexes of lipolysis were as follows: FFAs:FFAs in both high pressure and low pressure groups were significantly changed after exercise(P<0.05).HSL: Only high pressure group significantly decreased after exercise(P<0.05).LPL: High pressure group had significant changes after exercise(P<0.05).B.Single factor repeated measure analysis of variance: Adipo-IRI,FFAs,HSL and LPL in both groups had significant time effects(P<0.05).2)Comparison between groups: adipo-tissue insulin resistance.A.two Independent Samples T Test :Adipo-IRI: The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the two groups at each adjacent time point(P>0.05).Lipolysis related indicators: FFAs: there was significant statistical difference between 24 h after exercise and before exercise(P<0.001).HSL: There was a significant statistical difference between the amount of change 1h after exercise and 24 h after exercise(P<0.01),and there was a significant statistical difference between the amount of change 24 hours after exercise and before exercise(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the variation of other indexes and time points(P>0.05).B.Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the time effect:adipose tissue insulin resistance:Adipose tissue insulin resistance prelipolysis: The time effect of Adipo-IRI,FFAs and HSL of exercise in the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),while the group effect of Adipo-IRI,FFAs and LPL and the interaction effect of time * group were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The group effect and time * group interaction effect of HSL were statistically significant(P<0.05).(2)Hypoxia and vasodilation-related indexe: 1)intra-group comparison: Hypoxia indexes: HIF-1α in high pressure group was significantly increased after exercise(P<0.05).Vasodilation-related indexes: NO: the high pressure group significantly increased after exercise(P<0.05),and the low pressure group significantly changed after exercise(P<0.05).ANG-Ⅱ : Only high pressure group was significantly increased 1h after exercise(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance among other time points of each index(P>0.05).B.Single factor repeated measure analysis of variance: NO significant time effect of HIF-1α,ANG-Ⅱ and low-pressure groups only(P<0.05).The other indexes had no time effect(P>0.05).2)Comparison between the two groups: A.two Independent Samples T Test :Hypoxia index: TThe change of HIF-1α in the two groups was statistically significant only 24 h after exercise and before exercise(P<0.01).Vasodilatation-related indexes: there were statistical differences in the change amount of NO at 1h after exercise and immediately after exercise,24 h after exercise and 1h after exercise(P<0.05),and there were no statistical differences in the change amount of ANG-Ⅱ and between various time points(P>0.05).B.Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA: Results of two-factor repeated measurement variance analysis: The time effect and group effect of HIF-1α and NO were statistically significant(P<0.05),the interaction effect of HIF-1α time * group was not statistically significant(P>0.05),and the interaction effect of NO time * group was extremely significant(P<0.001).There was no statistical significance in ANG-Ⅱ effects(P>0.05).(3)The correlation between hypoxia index and adipose tissue insulin resistance,and between hypoxia index and vasodilation index: 1)Correlation between hypoxia index and Adipo-IRI: HIF-1α and Adipo-IRI are mutually correlated(P<0.05).:HIF-1α was mutually correlated with NO and ANG-Ⅱ(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)A single bout of “KAATSU” training combinded with resistance exercise can effectively improve insulin resistance in adipose tissue,and the greater the pressure within a safe range,the better the effect.(2)A single bout of “KAATSU” training combinded with low-intensity resistance exercise can aggravate the state of hypoxia,in this case exacerbating hypoxia is beneficial to the adipose tissue insulin resistance.(3)A single bout of “KAATSU” training combinded with low-intensity resistance exercise may change the hypoxia state of adipose tissue by dilating blood vessels,and then improve adipose tissue insulin resistance to impove FFAs balance on this basis.Hypoxia has the potential to be a target for improving adipose tissue insulin resistance. |
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