A Study On The Bacterial Genomic Diversity Of The Environment And Body Surface Of Health Care Wokers In A Newly Constructed Hospital

With the continuous advancement of modern medical technology,there is an increasing focus on controlling and preventing healthcare-associated infections.These infections pose a serious problem to the healthcare industry,not only posing significant threats to patients and healthcare workers but also increasing the cost of treatment and consumption of medical resources in healthcare institutions,which has a negative impact on social and economic development.The presence of microbes in the hospital environment is a crucial source of nosocomial infection,with bacteria are the most numerous type of microbes present in the environment.At the same time,the spread of antibiotic resistance genes caused by nosocomial epidemics is also a significant risk that impacts public health.However,there still remains a lack of systematic comparison and comprehensive analysis of the microbial composition and antibiotic resistance gene profile of the overall hospital environment.Metagenomics is an emerging technology that has developed rapidly in recent years.It has the ability to analyze the composition and structure of microbial communities in high throughput,providing us with a deep and comprehensive understanding of the microbial community interactions.This technology also allows for more detailed studies on gene composition and distribution,antibiotic resistance genes and their evolution,as well as strain-level transfer,all based on high-quality genome sequences.In this study,we utilized metagenomics to analyze the bacteria community composition in hospitals and investigate the diversity,distribution,and interaction of these communities in the hospital environment,providing a more informed basis for preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infections.The study was conducted in a new hospital,with two different time points selected for analysis: prior to patient admission and one year after admission.bacteria communities,antibiotic resistance genes present on hospital and healthcare worker surfaces were identified through analysis of the sequences obtained from metagenomics sequencing.We also analyzed differences in bacteria community composition and antibiotic resistance genes among different departments,objects,and body surfaces,as well as investigating changes in bacteria communities and antibiotic resistance genes before and one year after patient admission.Our study revealed significant differences in the composition of bacteria communities between object surfaces and body surfaces of different options.Furthermore,there were significant differences in the composition of the bacteria community in the environment one year after patient admission compared to before admission.Additionally,we found significant differences in the composition on the object surfaces of some departments and the body surfaces of healthcare workers.One year after patient admission,there was an increase in the abundance of several pathogens,such as Staphylococcus aureus,Moraxella osloensis,and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Among them,the abundance of C.acnes and M.osloensis increased significantly.The number and abundance of resistant gene subtypes detected in the samples also increased after one year of patient admission,with 259 resistant gene subtypes found in the samples before hospital admission,rising to 342 after one year.Unexpectedly,one year after patient admission,the average relative abundance of multidrug antibiotic resistance genes decreased and the average relative abundance of tetracyclines,aminoglycosides,and beta-lactams antibiotic resistance genes increased.Our further sequence analysis indicated that antibiotic resistance genes were mostly from Escherichia coli,Corynebacterium diphtheriae,Serratia,among others before hospital admission.After one year since the hospital admission,the antibiotic resistance genes were mostly from S.aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,K.pneumonia,Bacillus subtilis,and others.We evaluated the risk of resistance for each environmental sample based on the abundance and mobility of antibiotic resistance genes and their pathogenicity with the host,finding that the risk coefficient was higher in the hospital environment one year after patient admission than before.However,the diversity of healthcare workers’ microbes was not significantly different before and one year after patient admission,and the risk coefficient was lower on health care wokers’ body surfaces one year after patient admission than before patient admission.In summary,this study provides a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the distribution and prevalence of common infectious and antibiotic resistant gene bacteria in the hospital environment and on the body surfaces of healthcare workers before and after hospital admission.The results have been analyzed and compiled to create a fundamental database of bacteria community diversity in the hospital.This study will aid in achieving accurate monitoring and determination of sources for hospital-associated infections,as well as provide a new reference model for the scientific prevention and control of hospital-associated infections in the future.