Gender Differences In Healthy Aging And Their Formation Mechanisms In A Life Course Perspective

China is currently in a new era of socialism with special characteristics,and there is a certain contradiction between the people’s need for better health and the current unbalanced and insufficient development in elderly health.China has entered an aging society,and the current form of population aging in China is further severe.Compared with other countries,China is characterized by a large base of elderly people,rapid growth,empty nesting,increasing dependency ratio and heavy burden of family retirement.The dilemma of "healthy gender paradox",and gender health inequality is an important factor limiting the balanced development of society.Vigorous implementation of strategies related to healthy aging is a cost-effective way to actively address the problem of population aging in China with half the effort.In recent years,the Chinese government has issued a series of policy documents with the aim of improving the healthy aging of the elderly,and the top-level design of healthy aging is becoming more and more perfect,but the implementation of related work is still lacking and needs to be strengthened.Based on this background,this study is based on the current important window of actively coping with population aging,and adopts a comprehensive perspective of healthy aging,and adopts the life course theory from the perspective of exploring the changing trends of gender differences in healthy aging of Chinese older adults,using the data of five micro-surveys from 2005-2018 of the China Ageing Health Influencing Factor Tracking Survey(CLHLS),and using age,period and generation Multiple time dimensions were used to conduct the study.Firstly,the OLS model was used to study and analyze the influencing factors of healthy aging,followed by the growth curve model and group regression to analyze the trajectory and causes of the generational changes of gender health differences,and finally,the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method was used to decompose the period changes of healthy aging and the contributing factors of gender health differences in each period,so as to This is of theoretical and practical significance for China to continue to improve the policies related to aging health,enhance the level of healthy aging and reduce the gender health disparity in the future.It is found that,first,the overall characteristics of the healthy aging index show an accelerated declining age trajectory,a fluctuating declining period trajectory,and a steadily increasing generation trajectory,and female elderly have higher risk exposure and vulnerability compared to male elderly;second,micro factors such as family,childhood,socioeconomic status,institutional security,and health management not only have an impact on healthy aging,but also their returns to healthy aging differ by gender Third,the gender gap in healthy aging tends to increase with age,with female elderly experiencing a more rapid decline in health at an advanced age.After controlling for different generations of elderly to the mean age of the sample,both the health level of elderly and the gender health difference declined with generation renewal.In addition,the impact of each micro-factor on elderly of different genders will also differ by generation,with men in later generations experiencing a decline or even fading in health returns across multiple dimensions;fourth,the coefficient effect is the dominant factor in the decline in health levels in ’18 compared to ’05,with multiple factors such as family,institutional security and socioeconomic status depreciating the returns to healthy aging in 2018,while each micro-factor’s The contribution of gender health disparities over time shifted,with the male health advantage from socioeconomic status,family support and institutional security declining,while the contribution from health management started to rise,but women’s health literacy in the new period is still lacking compared to men.In response to the above problems,this study proposes several relevant recommendations.First,promote the idea of equality throughout the life cycle,and enhance the inner capacity of female elderly people,which is the basis for their health maintenance;second,actively build an institutional-community-family support system to reduce the pressure of women’s family care,and strengthen the financial and spiritual support for women who take on caregiving roles;third,integrate gender into the planning and layout of various systems and policies,and in terms of institutional protection Fourth,we should vigorously carry out health management education to improve women’s health literacy,so that the benefits of a technological and information-based society can also be enjoyed by the elderly,and create a favorable atmosphere for the elderly.Fourthly,we should vigorously carry out health management education to improve women’s health literacy,so that the benefits of a technological and information-based society can also be enjoyed by the elderly,and create a good atmosphere for the elderly.