| Objective: In the past 30 years,the overweight and obesity rate of Chinese children has been increasing rapidly and showing a trend of younger age.Obesity in children aged 3-6years is more likely to continue into adulthood,which increases the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases such as hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes in childhood,adolescence and adulthood.Therefore,it is very important to understand the causes and influencing factors of childhood obesity to take targeted prevention and control measures.The causes of childhood obesity are complex,involving genetic,environmental and individual behavioral factors,etc.However,the causes of obesity are different in different regions,different populations and at different times.Therefore,this study investigated and analyzed the occurrence of overweight and obesity and related risk factors in children aged 3-6 years old in the second district of Shenyang City,to master the causes and related risk factors of overweight and obesity in children.To provide reference for the prevention and early intervention measures of overweight and obesity in 3-6 years old children.Methods: In October 2020,Tiexi District and Shenhe District of Shenyang were selected to select 3 kindergartens in each district by cluster sampling method.All 3-6 year old children in kindergartens were selected as research objects.With the informed consent of parents,height and weight of children were measured and BMI values were calculated.At the same time,all the children who took part in the physical examination were given a "3-6 year old overweight and obesity influencing factors questionnaire",which was completed by the children’s parents.SPSS 22.0 software was used for unified input and analysis after the questionnaires were collected and qualified.In this study,the overweight and obesity criteria for children aged 3-6 years old were "Obesity and overweight screening threshold points for children aged 2-18 years old in China".Result:1.There were 355 in District Tie Xi and 382 in District Shen He with medical examination data and valid questionnaires,namely 737 children aged 3-6 years,among which 349 were boys(47.4%)and 388 were girls(52.6%);The mean age was(4.28±0.96)years.There was no statistical difference in age and sex distribution of children aged 3-6in the two regions(P>0.05).However,the height and weight of 3-6 years old children in zone Shen He were significantly higher than those in zone Tie Xi,and the difference was statistically significant((P>0.05)2.In District Tie Xi,the overweight and obesity rates of boys and girls aged 3-4 were26.80% and 19.50%,respectively,and that of boys and girls aged 5-6 were 36.90% and28.0%.In Zone B,the overweight and obesity rates of boys and girls aged 3-4 were31.80% and 20.0%,respectively,and that of boys and girls aged 5-6 were 37.50% and38.70%.There was no significant difference in the detection rate of overweight and obesity between the two regions(P>0.05)3.There was no difference in the detection rate of overweight and obesity between boys and girls in zone Tie Xi and Shen He(P > 0.05)..Although in district Tie Xi the detection rate of overweight and obesity in children aged 5-6 years(32.1%)was higher than that in children aged 3-4 years(22.8%),there was no statistical significance(P > 0.05).The detection rate of overweight and obesity in children aged 5-6(38.1%)in zone Shen He was significantly higher than that of children aged 3-4(25.6%),and the difference was statistically significant.4.The results of univariate analysis showed that gender,age,overweight and obese father,educational level of parents,smoking status of father,pregnancy age of mother,eating speed,children’s appetite,children’s attitude towards outdoor activities(like,normal,dislike),and the time spent watching TV or mobile phone were the influencing factors of overweight and obese children aged 3-6.5.Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that:(1)College OR university(OR=0.382,95%CI=0.241-0.607),college or above(OR=0.284,95%CI=0.169-0.477)were the protective factors for the incidence of overweight and obesity in children compared with the father’s education level of high school or below;(2)Compared with large families,small families(OR=0.621,95%CI=0.425-0.907)were the protective factors for overweight and obesity in children;(3)Compared with children who ate slowly,eating fast(OR=1.875,95%CI=1.152-3.053)and eating fast(OR=4.842,95%CI=2.493-9.406)were risk factors for overweight and obesity in children.(4)Compared with children with poor appetite,good appetite(OR=1.751,95%CI=1.161-2.639)was the risk factor for overweight and obesity in children;(5)Compared with children who like sports,dislike sports(OR=2.877,1.660-4.985)is the risk factor for overweight and obesity in children;(6)Compared to the time spent watching TV or mobile phones.For children,watching TV OR mobile phone for 1 hour or more(OR=2.561,95%CI=1.561-4.201)is a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children.6.The results of interaction analysis among risk factors showed that watching TV and playing mobile phone time ≥1 was associated with good appetite in children(OR=1.84,95%CI 1.49-2.27).Watching TV and playing mobile phone for more than 1 hour and dislike outdoor activities(OR=2.02,95%CI 1.51-2.70);There was a positive interaction between dislike of outdoor activities and good appetite in children(OR=1.81,95%CI1.43-2.29),which promoted the occurrence of overweight and obesity and increased the risk of overweight and obesity.Among them,dislike outdoor activities and watching TV and playing mobile phone for more than 1 hour at the same time,these two factors can double the risk of overweight and obesity in children.Conclusion:1.The detection rate of overweight and obesity among children aged 3-6 in two districts of a city was 15.74% and 12.89% respectively.Significantly higher than the national detection rate.2.Eating fast,do not like sports,watching TV or mobile phone time ≥1 hour,good appetite are 3 to 6 years old children overweight and obesity risk factors.3.The father’s education degree above junior college,and small family type are all protective factors for the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children.4.There is an interaction between age,whether they like outdoor activities,the time spent watching TV and playing mobile phones every day,and children’s appetite. |
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