| Objective: To investigate the status quo of the dietary pattern of pregnant women and the use of nutritional supplements during pregnancy.To analyze the factors affecting the use of nutritional supplements and dietary patterns of pregnant women.To explore the relationship between the dietary pattern during pregnancy,the use of nutrient supplements and pregnancy outcomes.Methods: Using a questionnaire survey,505 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examinations at the Obstetrics Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2021 to August 2022 and whose gestational weeks were after 28 weeks were selected for investigation,and 430 cases of delivery were tracked to record pregnancy outcomes.The questionnaire mainly includes the basic situation questionnaire,the pregnancy lifestyle and health status questionnaire,the food frequency questionnaire,the use of the pregnancy lifestyle and health status questionnaire to investigate the use of nutritional supplements during pregnancy,the use of the food frequency questionnaire to review the diet and food intake frequency of pregnant women,and review the dietary intake in the past month.Results:(1)In this study,four dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis,namely,"egg milk and poultry meat" pattern(mainly milk and products,eggs and poultry meat),"grain potato and fruit" pattern(mainly grain potato,fruit and dessert),"processed products" pattern(mainly processed products,soybeans and products and poultry meat)The model of "vegetable-grain potato-aquatic products"(mainly vegetables,grain potato and aquatic products).(2)Compared with the recommended intakes of Chinese residents’ dietary pagoda in 2022,the intakes of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,aquatic products and soybeans under the "milk egg and poultry meat" model did not reach the median recommended intakes;The intakes of vegetables,aquatic products,soybeans,nuts,milk and dairy products under the "grain potato fruit" model did not reach the median recommended intake;The intakes of cereals and potatoes,vegetables,aquatic products,eggs,nuts,milk and dairy products under the "processed products" mode did not reach the median recommended intake;The intake of aquatic products,nuts,dairy products and dairy products in the "vegetable-garmato-aquatic products" mode did not reach the median recommended intake.(3)The number and use rate of various nutritional supplements were 453(89.7%),420(83.2%),361(71.5%),vitamin D57(11.3%),279(55.2%),49(9.7%),184(36.4%),and 20(4%),respectively,of which folic acid was the highest,and 193(38.2%)were the most likely to use four kinds of nutritional supplements during pregnancy,The second was 140 people(27.7%)who used three nutrient supplements.(4)In the "egg milk-animal meat" model,the husband’s education level affects the average score of the pregnant women’s "egg milk-animal meat" model,and the model score increases with the increase of education level(P<0.05).In the model of "vegetable-garmato-aquatic products",whether pregnant women exercise or not in the past month and the number of births affect their model score.The score of pregnant women who exercise in the past month is higher than that of pregnant women who do not exercise in the past month(P<0.05).(5)Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the use of various nutritional supplements.The results showed that compared with obese women with a previous BMI,lean pregnant women were likely to use folic acid 17.965 times more(95% CI:1.912-188.130),moderately weighted pregnant women were likely to use folic acid 2.625 times more(95% CI: 1.122-11.706),and overweight pregnant women were likely to use folic acid 3.088 times more(95% CI: 1.079-15.482);Pregnant women aged 31 to 35 years were1.423 times more likely to use calcium supplements than those aged 35 or older(95% CI:1.121-5.235);Pregnant women who are not anemic during pregnancy are 0.922 times less likely to use iron than pregnant women who are anemic during pregnancy(95% CI: 0.039-0.156);Compared with pregnant women with a graduate degree or above,pregnant women with a bachelor’s degree are 0.545 times less likely to use vitamin D,respectively(95% CI:0.220-0.941).Compared with pregnant women with a graduate degree or above,pregnant women with a junior high school education may use multivitamins 0.828 times less(95% CI:0.039-0.753);The independent influencing factor of using complex vitamins and minerals during pregnancy is anemia during pregnancy;Risk factors for using multivitamins(OR=1.600,95% CI: 1.001-2.559)and DHA during pregnancy in primipara compared to multipara women(OR=2.375,95% CI: 1.429-3.949);The independent influencing factors of DHA use in pregnant women were family per capita monthly income and diabetes during pregnancy.(6)After adjusting the relevant factors,the "egg milk livestock meat" model is a risk factor for premature delivery of pregnant women(OR=7.415,95%CI: 1.184-46.440),and the "egg milk livestock meat" model is a risk factor for greater than gestational age(LGA)(OR=4.598,95%CI: 1.033-20.347);The "egg milk livestock meat" model is a risk factor for excessive GWG(OR=1.961,95% CI: 1.069-3.599).(7)Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the use of various nutritional supplements and pregnancy outcomes(premature delivery,macrosomia,SGA,GDM).The results showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,the use of folic acid,calcium,iron,vitamin D and multivitamin had no statistical significance with the occurrence of premature delivery,macrosomia,SGA,GDM(P>0.05).DHA could increase the risk of premature delivery(OR=3.625,95%CI:1.266-10.382).Taking DHA can reduce the risk of GDM(OR=0.570,95%CI: 0.343-0.948).Conclusion: Adhering to the "egg milk livestock meat" model during pregnancy will increase the risk of premature delivery and LGA,and the "egg milk livestock meat" model also increases the risk of excessive occurrence of GWG.Taking DHA during pregnancy may increase the risk of premature birth and reduce the risk of GDM. |
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