| Objective: To understand the growth and nutritional status of infants aged 6～24months in two regions of Xinjiang,analyze the main factors affecting growth and nutritional status,and provide data and theoretical basis for public health policies to improve the growth and development of infants aged 6～24 months in Xinjiang.Methods:A simple random sampling method was used to select infants aged 6～24 months who underwent physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the Children’s Health Department of Hetian Moyu County Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 as the study subjects.Growth,development,and nutritional status were evaluated through questionnaires,physical examinations,and hemoglobin and trace element testing.Results: 1.Growth,development,and nutritional status: Average height(75.80±6.09)cm,average weight(9.73±1.64)kg,average head circumference(45.68±2.02)cm,average cortical thickness(12.05±2.89)cm,and average upper arm circumference(14.54±1.81)cm of infants aged6～24 months;The prevalence rates of growth retardation,low weight,emaciation,and anemia were 6.71%,2.37%,1.58%,and 29.58%,respectively;2.The relationship between feeding behavior and nutritional status of infants and young children: There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of growth retardation and anemia between the start and first addition of complementary foods for infants and young children(both P<0.05);Whether weaned or not has a statistically significant impact on the incidence of low birth weight in infants and young children(all P<0.05).3.Dietary status of infants and young children: Compared with the "China 7～24 Month Old Infants and Young Children Balance Pagoda(2022)",the intake of grains for 7～12 month old infants and young children is appropriate,with insufficient intake of vegetables,fruits,animal meat,fish and shrimp,and eggs.The intake of grains,eggs,and fruits for 13～24 month old infants and young children is appropriate,while the intake of vegetables,animal meat,and fish and shrimp is insufficient;The intake frequency of fish,shrimp,and eggs in infants and young children with growth retardation was significantly lower than that in normal infants and young children,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The intake frequency of milk,fish,shrimp,and eggs in infants and young children with anemia was significantly lower than that in normal infants and young children,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).4.Trace element status of infants and young children: Among the surveyed infants and young children,the calcium deficiency rate is relatively severe in urban and rural areas,reaching 84.38% and67.60% respectively,followed by the iron deficiency rate,reaching 42.75% and 40.40%respectively;There were statistically significant differences in the levels of calcium,iron,and zinc among different age groups(P<0.05).The results of Person correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between HAZ and WAZ and the whole blood calcium and copper elements in infants and young children,a significant negative correlation between WHZ and magnesium elements,and a significant positive correlation between Hb and the whole blood iron,magnesium,and zinc elements.5.Analysis of influencing factors: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that infants and young children aged 18～24 months(OR=2.327,95% CI: 1.080～5.014)and premature infants(OR=3.555,95% CI: 1.233～10.52)were independent risk factors for growth retardation in infants and young children(P<0.05),while only children(OR=0.550,95% CI: 0.306-0.990)were protective factors(P<0.05);Weaning(OR=2.481,95% CI:1.078～5.711)and premature birth(OR=4.975,95% CI: 1.460～16.949)were independent risk factors for low birth weight in infants and young children(P<0.05);The feeding method is breastfeeding(OR=1.860,95% CI: 1.239～2.795),and not weaned(OR=1.679,95% CI: 1.141～2.470)Conclusion: The prevalence of growth retardation,low weight,and anemia among infants and young children aged 6～24 months in two regions of Xinjiang is higher than the national average.Among them,the prevalence of growth retardation and anemia in rural areas is more prominent,and growth retardation and anemia are the main nutritional problems faced by infants and young children aged 6～24months in rural areas of Xinjiang;The dietary structure of infants and young children aged6～24 months in Xinjiang is still unreasonable,with some dietary intakes being imbalanced.Both urban and rural infants and young children suffer from calcium and iron deficiency;The frequency of dietary intake in infants and young children is closely related to their growth,development,and nutritional status;The nutritional status of infants and young children is influenced by many factors such as their birth mode and age.Maternal and child health care institutions should strengthen the management of malnourished children in infants and young children,provide accurate and scientific feeding guidance for caregivers,effectively improve the nutritional status of children in Xinjiang,and reduce the incidence of anemia. |
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