The Effect Of Bone Grafting And Implant Material On Immediate Implant Placement In The Maxillary Anterior Region

Objective:Immediate implants produce jump distances,which affect the initial stability and implant osseointegration of immediate implants,and it is important to address the effects of jump distances for immediate implant restorations.This paper aims to investigate the effect of bone grafting and bone grafting materials on immediate implant placement in the maxillary anterior region.Methods:A total of 40 patients who underwent immediate implantation after minimally invasive tooth extraction from October 2020 to June 2022 were selected from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Anqing Medical Center,Anhui Medical University,and were divided into four groups using the randomized number table method: 10 each in the autologous bone graft group(A),allogeneic bone graft group(X),autologous bone mixed with allogeneic bone implant group(A+X),and no bone graft group(C),with an age range of 35 to 55 years.All subjects had no underlying disease affecting implantation.All subjects used the same brand(Denton,Korea)and the same type of implant(S.L.A.surface treatment,3.6mm x 10mm),and only one implant was placed in each subject.All experiments were carried out according to the same procedure and by the same surgeon.Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)was performed after immediate implant placement and six months afterwards,and the Smart VPro software measured the vertical distance from the neck of the implant to the labial side of the labial bone plate and the vertical distance from the labial alveolar ridge to the tip of the implant.All statistics were done by another practitioner.The difference between the postoperative and six-month postoperative measurements was used to derive the amount of horizontal bone resorption and the amount of vertical bone resorption.The statistical data were analysed statistically using SPSS 26.0 software for the differences in the data and the t-test or rank sum test was applied for comparison between the groups.Results:1.6 months after immediate implantation,the amount of horizontal bone resorption on the labial side was effectively reduced in all cases of immediate implantation with simultaneous bone grafting.The amount of horizontal bone resorption on the lateral side of the lip in the immediate implant simultaneous implant group(A+X = 0.13 ± 0.04 mm,A = 0.38 ± 0.10 mm,X = 0.31 ± 0.12 mm)was less than in the no implant group(C =0.91 ± 0.54 mm.)There was a significant difference in horizontal bone resorption between C and A+X,A and X(p<0.05).2.In the immediate implant simultaneous bone grafting group,a mixture of autogenous and allogeneic bone implants was more effective in reducing the amount of horizontal bone resorption on the labial side than both implants alone.The amount of horizontal bone resorption in the mixed implant group(A+X=0.13 ± 0.04 mm)was less than in the autologous and allograft bone implant groups(A=0.38 ± 0.10 mm,X=0.31 ±0.12 mm),and there was a significant difference in the amount of horizontal bone resorption between A,X and A+X(p<0.05).3.In the immediate implantation simultaneous bone grafting group,there was no significant difference between the autogenous bone implantation group and the allogeneic bone implantation group.The amount of bone resorption at the level of A=0.38±0.10 mm and X=0.31±0.12 mm in the autogenous bone implant group and the allogeneic bone implant group respectively.4.6 months after immediate implantation,the amount of vertical bone resorption on the labial side did not decrease,regardless of whether or not bone was implanted at the same time and regardless of the material implanted.The amount of vertical bone resorption in each group was: A + X = 0.25 ± 0.08 mm,A = 0.33 ± 0.09 mm,X = 0.29± 0.12 mm and C = 0.45 ± 0.10 mm.the maximum amount of vertical bone resorption was observed in the group without bone grafting,with no significant difference between the four groups.Conclusion:1.Simultaneous implantation of bone in immediate implants is effective in reducing the amount of horizontal bone resorption on the labial side of the implant after immediate implantation,but has no significant effect on the preservation of vertical bone volume.2.The simultaneous implantation of a mixture of autogenous bone and allograft bone is more effective in reducing the amount of horizontal bone resorption on the labial side of the implant than the two materials alone,and there is no significant difference in the amount of horizontal bone resorption on the labial side of the implant between autogenous bone and allograft bone alone.