Study On The Correlation Between Jiangnan Dietary And Common Pregnancy Complications

Objectives Jiangnan diet is regarded as a modified Mediterranean diet that adheres to Asian dietary habits,and this study aimed to explore the effects of Jiangnan diet on the morbidity of common pregnancy complicationsMethodsThis prospective cohort study recruited first trimester women visiting Anhui province maternity and child health hospital for their initial prenatal testing since May 2020.Participants were instructed on-site by investigators to complete questionnaires on demographic,nutritional,health,and environmental factors,and to provide maternal birth data,disease,menstrual,pregnancy,and family history.Follow-up questionnaires were administered during the second and third trimesters,as well as postpartum.Maternal birth outcomes and offspring conditions were obtained from hospital records.Using data from a 15-item food frequency questionnaire,the Jiangnan diet score was calculated by assigning 1-5 points for 15 common foods based on intake frequency,and summing these scores.Quartiles of the Jiangnan diet score were used to compare the incidence of common pregnancy complications among four groups of pregnant women.ResultsIn this study,a total of 588 pregnant women were enrolled,among whom 116(19.73%)were diagnosed with gestational diabetes,62(10.54%)with gestational hypertensive disorders,146(24.83%)with gestational anemia,and 70(11.90%)with pregnancy complicated by hypothyroidism.The participants were categorized into four groups based on their Jiangnan score and Gangnam score.The Q1 group of the Jiangnan score had 42(28.6%)cases of gestational diabetes,24(16.3%)cases of gestational hypertensive disorders,49(33.6%)cases of gestational anemia,and 27(18.4%)cases of pregnancy complicated by hypothyroidism.The Q2 group of the Jiangnan score had 33(22.4%)cases of gestational diabetes,18(12.2%)cases of gestational hypertensive disorders,40(27.2%)cases of gestational anemia,and 20(13.6%)cases of pregnancy complicated by hypothyroidism.The Q3 group of the Gangnam score had 24(16.3%)cases of gestational diabetes,12(8.2%)cases of gestational hypertensive disorders,32(21.8%)cases of gestational anemia,and 14(9.5%)cases of pregnancy complicated by hypothyroidism.The Q4 group of the Jiangnan score had 17(11.6%)participants with gestational diabetes,8(5.4%)participants with gestational hypertensive disorders,25(17.0%)participants with gestational anemia,and 9(6.1%)participants with pregnancy complicated by hypothyroidism.The present study found that the highest quartile interval groups based on Jiangnan diet scores were associated with lower incidence rates of common pregnancy complications compared to the lowest quartile interval.The highest quartile interval was linked with a 67.3% lower incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus(RR,0.327 [95% CI,0.176-0.607]),a 70.1% lower incidence of gestational hypertensive disorders(RR,0.295 [95% CI,0.128-0.681]),a 59.0% lower incidence of gestational anemia(RR,0.410 [95% CI,0.236-0.711]),and a 71.0% lower incidence of gestational hypothyroidism(RR,0.290 [95% CI,0.131-0.641]).Moreover,the study also revealed a dose-response relationship between the high and low Jiangnan diet scores and multiple gestational complications.ConclusionsAdopting a Jiangnan diet that primarily includes unprocessed foods,legumes,potatoes,vegetables,fruits,nuts,dairy products,poultry,eggs,fresh water fish,and seafood during pregnancy can effectively decrease the occurrence of common pregnancy complications.The study found that the more closely the dietary pattern aligns with the Jiangnan diet,the lower the incidence of pregnancy complications.