Effects On Reducing Nutritional Obesity Through Coix Lachrymajobi L And Poria Cocos Wolf Combined With Large-Leaf Yellow Tea

Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by excessive accumulation of body fat.In recent years,the number of the obese is increasing,which has seriously harmed people’s health.Common treatments for obesity include diet modification,exercise,and medical treatment.Orlistat and other lipase inhibitors were used in traditional medical treatment,which causes side effects,such as constipation,headache,and vomiting.Diet therapy is a means of treating diseases by traditional Chinese medicine,especially the use of traditional Chinese medicine with the homology of medicine and food for the prevention and treatment of some chronic diseases.Therefore,under the guidance of TCM theory,it may be a new treatment to reduce obesity to find effective traditional Chinese medicine with the homology of medicine and food.According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,obesity is mainly caused by spleen deficiency and phlegm turbidness.The prescription of clinical treatment of obesity is mainly composed of Chinese medicine of strengthening spleen,dispelling dampness,or digestion combined with invigorate the circulation of blood or other drugs.At the same time,it was also found that the large yellow tea,one of the teas produced in the Anhui Province of Wanxi,could reduce lipid.However,the effect of ALYT(Largeleaf yellow tea aqueous extracts)with the usual dose was not significant for the obese mice.The objective of this study is whether the traditional Chinese medicine of invigorating spleen,dispelling dampness,and digesting food can be combined with the large yellow tea to play a synergistic role.Therefore,under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory as well as based on the literature and clinic,Crataegus pinnatifida var.major N.E.Br.,and Poria cocos Wolf combined with large yellow tea constituted CPAE(Crataegus pinnatifida var.major N.E.Br.formula aqueous extracts)or Coix lachrymajobi L.,and Poria cocos Wolf combined with large yellow tea constituted CFAE(Coix lachrymajobi L.formula aqueous extracts)in order to select the formulas that have synergistic effects.Effects and preliminary mechanism of formula on reducing body weight,and lipid were analyzed in High-fat diet-induced obesity mice.Objective: To study the effects on reducing nutritional obesity through Coix lachrymajobi L.,and Poria cocos Wolf combined with large yellow tea.Methods: The male C57/BL 6N mice were divided into Control group,HFD group,HFD+ Orlistat group,HFD +ALYT group,HFD+CPAE group,and HFD + CFAE group,with8 mice in each group.The organ coefficient was analyzed.Glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were used to investigate the changes of blood glucose level in each group.The serum levels of TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,AST and ALT in mice were detected by the kit.The lipid deposition of adipocyte tissue,and liver was detected by Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.HPLC analyzed the content of effective components in formula.The intestinal contents of mice in each group were sequenced by high throughput16 S rRNA to analyze the changes of intestinal flora.The expressions of lipolysis-related proteins,such as AMPK,p-AMPK,ATGL,HSL and p-HSL in epididymal adipose tissue of mice were detected by Western blot.Results:1 Effects of CFAE on obesity in HFD mice(1)Compared with the HFD group,the body weight of mice had no significant difference after a 12-week treatment in the ALYT group,while the body weight of CFAE group was decreased(P < 0.01).Compared with the ALYT group,CFAE significantly reduced body weight in HFD mice(P < 0.01).CPAE did not significantly reduce body weight in HFD mice compared to the ALYT.Therefore,CFAE was selected to study the mechanism.(2)GTT and ITT experiments showed that the serum level of blood glucose,GTTAUC,and ITT-AUC were no significant difference as well as glucose metabolism was disturbed in the ALYT group,compared with the HFD group.The blood glucose,GTTAUC,and ITT-AUC were significantly decreased(P < 0.05)as well as the disorder of glucose metabolism was improved in the CFAE group.(3)Compared with HFD,the serum level of TG,TC,and LDL-C had no significant difference in the ALYT group.The serum level of TG,TC,and LDL-C was significantly decreased in the CFAE group(P < 0.05).(4)Analysis the weight,coefficient,and HE staining of adipose tissue showed that the weight,and coefficient of adipose tissue as well as volume of adipocyte in the ALYT group had no significant difference,compared with the HFD group.The weight,coefficient of adipose tissue,and volume of adipocyte were significantly decreased in the CFAE group(P<0.05),compared with the HFD group.(5)Analysis of the liver weight,coefficient,HE staining,serum level of AST,and ALT showed that the number of lipid droplets were increased,while the liver weight,coefficient,the serum level of AST,and ALT were decreased in the ALYT group,compared with the HFD group.In the CFAE group,the weight of liver was significantly decreased(P < 0.01).The coefficient of liver and number of lipid droplets were decreased,the serum level of AST and ALT was significantly decreased(P < 0.05).2 The content of main effective ingredients of ALYT,and CFAEThe results of HPLC showed that the contents of GCG,GC,and caffeine of CFAE increased,while the contents of EGCG,and EGC decreased,compared with the ALYT.3 Effect of CFAE on gut microbiota in HFD mice.(1)Analyzing the Alpha diversity of intestinal flora,the species richness,and Faith index decreased in the HFD group.The bacteria flora richness of ALYT group had no significant difference,while the Faith index of CFAE group was significantly increased(P < 0.05),and the species richness was increased,compared with the HFD group.(2)Analyzing the Beta diversity of intestinal flora,it was found that the species composition of mice was significantly different between the CFAE group,and the HFD group.At the phylum level,the abundance of Firmicutes of the HFD group was increased(P < 0.01),while the abundance of Bacteroidetes was decreased.The abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes had no significant changes in the ALYT group,while the abundance of Firmicutes decreased,and the abundance of Bacteroidetes increased in the CFAE group(P < 0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of bacteria,such as Adlercreutzia,Parabacteroides,Blautia,and Allobaculum of intestinal flora were significantly increased(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)in the CFAE group,while the abundance of Parabacteroides,and Blautia had no significant difference in the ALYT group,compared with the HFD group.(3)The analysis of intestinal flora composition structure showed that the dominant bacteria in the HFD group mainly were Acinetobacter,Ruminococcus,Dorea,and other bacteria related to obesity,while the intestinal flora composition of mice had no significant difference between the ALYT group,and the HFD group.The dominant bacteria were mainly beneficial bacteria,such as Anaerostipes,Weissella,and Christensenella,which were conducive to improve the imbalance of intestinal flora in the CFAE group.4 Effects of CFAE on lipolysis-related proteins expression in HFD mice.Western blot results showed that the expressions of p-AMPK,ATGL,and p-HSL in EAT of HFD mice were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while ALYT group had no significant difference.The expressions of p-AMPK,ATGL,and p-HSL in EAT of CFAE group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: The combination of Coix lachrymajobi L.,and Poria cocos Wolf improved the effect of usual dose ALYT on reducing body weight,and fat.Meanwhile,CFAE improved the intestinal flora disorder of obese mice,playing a synergistic role.