A Survey Of Problematic Use Of Social Media And Its Influence Factors Among Mood Disorders

Objective:To examine the factorial validity of the adapted Chinese version of the Problematic Use of Social Media Scale(PUSMS),and to verify the applicability of Caplan’s cognitive-behavioral theoretical model in patients with mood disorders in China.To explore the correlation between problematic use of social media and depression,anxiety,motivation for social media use,and sociodemographic variables in mood disorders.Methods:1.In the psychiatric ward of the Second Xiangya Hospital,inpatients with mood disorders who met the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria were surveyed using questionnaires.Patients were assessed for problematic use of social media(PUSM)with Chinese version of PUSMS adapted from Caplan’s Generalized Problematic Internet Scale model.Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factorial validity of the scale,and a structural equation model was used to verify Caplan’s cognitive-behavioral theory.2.The self-made demographic questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data of the patients,and the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)were used to evaluate the symptoms of depression and anxiety in the patients.The motivation for using social media was evaluated by the motivation scale of social media and the relationships between PUSM and these variables in mood disorders were explored.Results:A total of 400 valid questionnaires were collected,including222 patients with depression and 178 patients with bipolar disorder.1.The results of item analysis showed that there were significant statistical differences between high and low item scores groups.The results of reliability analysis showed that the Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the total scale was 0.879,the Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the negative consequences subscale was 0.698,and the Cronbach’sαcoefficients of other subscales were all greater than 0.80.The result of validity analysis showed that the model fits well,and there were significant correlations between all dimensions as well as the total scale(r ranged from 0.104 to0.703,P<0.01).The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fits well:Degree of freedom(DF)=82,x~2(82)=287.76;RMSEA=0.079;SRMR=0.049;CFI=0.993;TLI=0.991.The results of structural equation modeling showed that the model fits well:x~2(84)=297.23;RMSEA=0.080;SRMR=0.051;CFI=0.992;TLI=0.991.The normalized regression coefficient of the structural model was between0.10 and 0.95.Only the unnormalized regression coefficient between Preference for Online Social Interaction(POSI)and deficient self-regulation had no significant statistical significance.Other regression coefficients had significant statistical significance.POSI can directly predict emotion regulation but not deficient self-regulation,emotion regulation can directly predict deficient self-regulation,and deficient self-regulation can directly predict negative outcomes.POSI can indirectly predict deficient self-regulation through emotion regulation,emotion regulation can indirectly predict negative outcomes through deficient self-regulation,and POSI cannot indirectly predict negative outcomes through deficient self-regulation.2.There were no significant differences in PUSM of mood disorders in gender,age,occupation,and other social demographic variables(P>0.05).Results of bivariate correlation analysis revealed that PUSM was positively correlated with depression(r=0.213,P<0.01),anxiety(r=0.246,P<0.01),motivation of killing time(r=0.362,P<0.01),motivation of recreation and relaxation(r=0.412,P<0.01),motivation of self-expression(r=0.324,P<0.01),and motivation of avoidance(r=0.421,P<0.01).3.Multivariate linear regression showed that anxiety symptoms(b=0.236,P<0.01),motivation of killing time(b=0.874,P<0.01),motivation of entertainment(b=1.813,p<0.01),motivation of self-expression(b=0.478,P<0.05),and motivation of avoidance(b=0.813,P<0.01)can positively predict PUSM in patients with mood disorders,and motivation of obtaining information(b=-0.493,P<0.05)can negatively predict PUSM.Conclusion:1.This study preliminarily demonstrated that the adapted PUSMS has good reliability and validity in teenagers and youths with mood disorders in China,and can be used to measure the cognitive,behavioral,and negative consequences of PUSM in this population.2.The cognitive behavioral theoretical model proposed by Caplan may not be completely applicable to teenagers and youths with mood disorders in China.For mood disorders comorbid with PUSM,improving the ability to regulate emotion may be the main target of prevention and intervention for PUSM.3.There were no significant correlations in PUSM of mood disorders with gender,age,occupation,and other social demographic variables.PUSM has significant positive correlation with anxiety symptoms and motivation of killing time,motivation of entertainment,motivation of self-expression,and motivation of avoidance.4.The anxiety symptoms,motivation of killing time,motivation of entertainment,motivation of self-expression,and motivation of avoidance of mood disorders can positively predict PUSM,and motivation of obtaining information can negatively predict PUSM.