Correlation Between Dietary Patterns And Cardiovascular And Metabolic Risk Factors In Children Aged 5-7 Years In An Area

Objective The aim of this study was to reveal the prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors(overweight and obesity,elevated blood pressure,dysglycemia and dyslipidemia)in children aged 5-7 years in an aera of Hunan,to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and cardiovascular metabolic risk factors of children in preschool.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect basic information,dietary intake and life behaviour information of the children.Physical measurements of height,weight and blood pressure.Venous blood biochemistry for concentrations of fasting blood glucose,TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C.The dietary pattern of children was extracted using factor analysis and the dietary pattern factor scores were categorised into three groups of high,medium and low by quartiles.One-way logistic regression models were used to analyse the factors influencing cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in children,and multi-way logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in children.Results(1)A total of 417 children were included in this study.The detection rates of overweight and obesity,dyslipidemia,dysglycemia and elevated blood pressure were 11.3%,21.3%,16.1% and 11.3% respectively;dyslipidemia was dominated by elevated TG(14.4%);(2)Four main dietary patterns of children aged 5-7years in Hunan were extracted from the factor analysis,namely "animal food","coarse grains and legumes","beverage and snacks" and "eggs and milk".(3)The chi-square test showed statistically significant differences in the distribution of mothers’ education level and household income in the "animal food" dietary pattern score group(P<0.05),and in the distribution of household income,time spent outdoors,and whether or not to eat extra meals in the "coarse grains and legumes" pattern score group(P<0.05).The differences in the distribution of household income,time spent outdoors,and whether or not to eat extra meals in the "coarse grains and legumes" dietary pattern score group were statistically significant(P<0.05);the differences in the distribution of father’s education level in the "egg and milk" mode score group were statistically significant(P<0.05);(4)Univariate logistic regression analysis showed a reduced risk of overweight and obesity in girls compared to boys(P<0.05)and a reduced risk of overweight and obesity in children who ate for >20 minutes compared to those who ate for <10 minutes per meal(P<0.05).(5)Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that children in the T3 group had an increased risk of dysglycaemia(OR=2.51,95% CI: 1.24-5.08)and dyslipidaemia(OR=1.97,95% CI: 1.06-3.66)compared to those in the T1 group in "animal food" dietary pattern(P<0.05).The odd risk of dysglycemia(OR=0.50,95% CI: 0.26-0.96)was reduced in the T3 group compared to the T1 group in the "coarse grains and legumes" dietary pattern(P<0.05).The association between the "beverage snack" and "egg and milk" patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors was not statistically significant(P > 0.05).Conclusion This study showed that the detection rate of dyslipidemia was the highest in children aged 5-7 years in Hunan,predominantly elevated TG,children had four main dietary patterns,namely "animal food","coarse grains and legumes","beverage snacks" and "eggs and milk",socio-demographic factors and life behavioural characteristics were associated with children’s dietary patterns,the "animal food" dietary pattern was a risk factor for dyslipidemia and dysglycaemia in children,and the "coarse grains and legumes" dietary pattern was a protective factor for dysglycaemia in children.