| Objective Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory,to analyze the current situation and influencing factors of the care service needs of elderly people in elderly institutions,to explore the mediating role of psychological capital and life meaning sources on the care service needs of elderly people,and to provide a theoretical basis for institutional care workers to understand the care service needs of elderly people in elderly institutions in an all-round way,so as to improve their physical and mental health and quality of life.Methods Using a random sampling method,a survey was conducted from September2020 to April 2021 on the current situation and factors influencing the demand for care services among elderly people(aged≥60)in eight elderly care institutions in and around Tangshan City.The instruments used were a general information questionnaire,a questionnaire on the characteristics of elderly care institutions,a questionnaire on the demand for elderly care services in elderly care institutions,a psychological capital scale for the elderly,a source of life meaning scale,a Barthel Index rating scale,a geriatric depression scale and a comprehension social support scale.SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis,and the measurement data were expressed as((?)±s);the count data were expressed as number and percentage(%).Independent sample t-test or F-test was used for single factor analysis,and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used for multi-factor analysis.The AMOS 23.0 statistical software was applied to construct structural equations for path analysis of the influencing factors.Results 1 Current psychological capital of elderly people in elderly institutions The average score of psychological capital of elderly people in elderly institutions was(76.26±5.90),with mean scores for each dimension: self-actualization(3.50±0.40),integrity and stability(4.23±0.29),gratitude and devotion(3.77±0.48),resilience and tenacity(3.85±0.36);the average score of life The mean score of the Meaningfulness Source was(153.32±9.54),with mean scores for each dimension: for family(5.53±0.50),social support(5.57±0.45),sense of value(5.89±0.54),leisure activities(4.45±0.74),personal development(4.85±0.56),and security of life(6.50±0.44).2 Current demand for elderly care services in elderly care institutions The total mean score for the demand for elderly care services in elderly care institutions was(3.60±0.27),with the mean scores for each dimension: the need for physical health and medical care(3.43±0.36),the need for safety(3.86±0.45),the need for respect(4.12±0.49),the need for love and belonging(3.27±0.33)and the need for self-actualisation(3.31±0.48).The three main reasons for the elderly to choose an institution for their old age are: physical reasons,habit of being independent,not wanting to bother their children and no one around to take care of them;the elderly give priority to three factors in choosing an institution: the environment of the institution,economic factors of price and reputation and service quality.3 Univariate analysis of demand for elderly care services in nursing institutions The results showed that,among the general and institutional characteristic factors,literacy,monthly income,nature of the nursing institution,and care giving skills of the nursing staff had an impact on the demand for elderly care services score,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Among the physiological need factors,sleep quality,Barthel,years of residence,housing situation,hygiene and cleanliness,and method of assistance with meals had an impact on the demand for care services scores for elderly people in residential care facilities,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Among the factors of need for safety,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)when comparing the scores of the need for care services for elderly people in nursing homes with different numbers of chronic diseases,number of medications taken and medical rehabilitation.Among the emotional needs factors,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05)when comparing the scores of care service needs of elderly people in elderly institutions with different levels of well-being,depression and comprehension of social support.Among the factors of respect and self-fulfilment needs,frequency of participation in group activities,attitude towards staff services,psychological capital and sources of meaning in life had an impact on the scores of the need for care services for elderly people in nursing homes,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).4 Multi-factor analysis of the care service needs of elderly people in nursing homes The results showed that: literacy,monthly income,caregiver skills,quality of sleep,hygiene and cleanliness,method of assisting with meals,Barthel,number of medications taken,general well-being,depression,perceived social support,attitude towards staff services,psychological capital and source of meaning in life were associated with the total score of the care service needs of elderly people in nursing homes.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).5 Pathway analysis of factors influencing the demand for care services for older people in nursing homes The results show that psychological capital and sources of meaning in life can directly influence the demand for care services and can also influence the demand for care services as mediating variables for the ability to perform activities of daily living,depression,comprehension of social support,sleep quality and literacy.Conclusions 1 Psychological capital and sources of meaning in life for older people in residential care facilities are at a moderately high level.2 The demand for elderly care services in aged-care institutions is at a medium level.The main reasons why elderly people choose institutional care are their own health,their independence and their unwillingness to bother their children and the fact that there is no one around to take care of them;the environment,price and economic factors,reputation and service quality are the main factors that elderly people consider when choosing an institution.3 Literacy,monthly income,caregiver skills,sleep quality,hygiene and cleanliness,methods of assisting with meals,Barthel,number of medications taken,general well-being,depression,perceived social support,staff attitudes to service,psychological capital and sources of meaning in life are factors influencing the demand for care services for older people in residential care facilities.4 Competence in daily living,depression,comprehension of social support and sleep quality can influence the demand for care services directly and indirectly through the mediation of psychological capital and sources of meaning in life,while literacy can only influence the demand for care services indirectly through the mediation of psychological capital and sources of meaning in life.Figure 3;Table 17;Reference 115... |
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