| Objective: To explore the types and clinical characteristics of autoimmune encephalitis combined with other autoimmune diseases.Methods: A total of 412 patients who were diagnosed with autoimmune encephalitis in the neurology department of our hospital from January 2018 to July 2022 were retrospectively studied.Collecting general information,clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,electrophysiological examinations,imaging examinations,combined tumors,clinical course and other autoimmune diseases of the patients,and summarize the types of autoimmune encephalitis combined with other autoimmune diseases and clinical features.Result:1.Among the 412 patients with autoimmune encephalitis,the types of autoimmune encephalitis antibodies including:NMDAR,LGI1,GABAb R,CASPR2,AMPAR,GAD65,DPPX,GABAa R,and Gly R antibodies,accounting for 39.81%,35.92%,12.62%,3.88%,1.94%,1.94%,1.70%,1.24% and 0.97% respectively.2.Among the 164 anti-NMDAR antibody AE patients,11 had other autoimmune diseases,accounting for 2.67% of the AE patients;among the 148 anti-LGI1 antibody AE patients,21 had other ADs,accounting for 5.10% of the AE patients,among the 52anti-GABAb R antibody AE patients,8 patients were combined with other ADs,accounting for 1.94% of the AE patients,among the 8 anti-AMPAR antibody AE patients,4 patients were combined with other ADs,accounting for 0.97% of the AE patients,among the 7 anti-DPPX antibody AE patients,1 patient was associated with other ADs,accounting for 0.24% of the AE patients,among the 5 anti-GABAa R antibody AE patients,1 patient was associated with other ADs,accounting for 0.24% of the AE patients.3.Among the 412 AE patients combined with other ADs,including 24(5.83%)Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,8(1.94%)Sj?gren’s syndrome,and 4(0.97%)autologous Immune liver disease,4(0.97%)systemic lupus erythematosus,4(0.97%)rheumatoid arthritis,4(0.97%)urticaria,2(0.49%)idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.4.In the patients with autoimmune encephalitis with anti-NMDAR antibody and LGI1 antibody,the combined other ADs were compared,and it was found that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.024).5.The 164 patients with anti-NMDAR antibody AE were divided into other ADs group and no other ADs group,among which 11 cases were combined with other ADs and 153 cases were not combined.By comparing the clinical characteristics of the two groups,it was found that the severity and clinical course of the two groups(including the condition of disturbance of consciousness,m RS score,intensive care unit treatment,mechanical ventilation and recurrence),age,and clinical manifestations including epilepsy and status epilepticus,mental symptoms,focal neurological deficit),combined tumor,laboratory tests(abnormal cerebrospinal fluid cell count,serum white blood cell count,platelet count,total cholesterol,C-reactive protein,serum albumin count),abnormal EEG and There was no significant difference in brain MRI examination and other aspects(P>0.05).There were differences in gender and serum uric acid levels between the two groups,and the differences were statistically significant(P values were 0.017 and 0.002,respectively,P values < 0.05).6.Divide 148 cases of anti-LGI1 antibody AE patients into other ADs group and non-other ADs group,among which 21 cases were combined with other ADs and 127 cases were not combined.By comparing the clinical characteristics of the two groups,it was found that the severity and clinical course of the two groups(including the condition of disturbance of consciousness,m RS score,intensive care unit treatment,mechanical ventilation and recurrence),age,and clinical manifestations including epilepsy and status epilepticus,mental symptoms,focal neurological deficit),combined tumor,laboratory tests(abnormal cerebrospinal fluid cell count,serum white blood cell count,platelet count,total cholesterol,C-reactive protein,serum albumin count),abnormal EEG and There was no significant difference in brain MRI examination and other aspects(P>0.05).There were differences in gender and serum uric acid levels between the two groups,and the differences were statistically significant(P values were 0.000 and 0.027,respectively,P values < 0.05).Conclusion:1.The most common types of antibodies in autoimmune encephalitis are anti-NMDAR,LGI1,and GABAb R antibodies.2.The incidence of some other ADs in patients with autoimmune encephalitis was significantly higher than that of the corresponding ADs in the population.Among other ADs patients with autoimmune encephalitis,the common ADs are Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,Sj?gren’s syndrome,systemic lupus erythematosus,autoimmune liver disease,rheumatoid arthritis,and urticaria.3.Compared with anti-NMDAR antibody,anti-LGI1 antibody autoimmune encephalitis is more likely to be combined with other ADs.4.The clinical course of autoimmune encephalitis was not significantly affected by the combination of other ADs.Compared with AE patients with other ADs,AE patients with other ADs had a greater proportion of women and had lower serum uric acid levels. |
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