| Objective:Under the strategic background of "healthy China",the party and government attach great importance to the physical health of disabled children and adolescents.Research shows that the health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents with visual impairment is at a low level compared with ordinary children and adolescents.Health-related physical fitness is an important sign of physical health,which is related to a variety of health risk factors.Therefore,it is urgent to improve the health-related physical fitness of visually impaired children and adolescents.Before improving the health-related physical fitness of visually impaired children and adolescents,the first problem is that there is no scientific and effective evaluation system to evaluate the health-related physical fitness of visually impaired children and adolescents in China.Brockport Physical Fitness Test(BPFT)is a set of health-related physical fitness evaluation system developed in the United States for children and adolescents with disabilities(including visual impairment)aged 10-17 years.There are 14 recommended test items for children and adolescents with visual impairment in BPFT,and 4～6 test items should be selected according to test requirements.Although the reliability and validity of BPFT have been verified among disabled children and adolescents in the United States,the reliability of most test items is verified by experimental method in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities,and the validity is verified by logical analysis.The localization verification of BPFT should also be carried out due to the differences between in China and the United States in the classification of visual impairment,the health risk of persons with disabilities and physical education teaching.In conclusion,the feasibility,reliability and validity of BPFT should be verified before it is applied to visually impaired children and adolescents in China.Exercise intervention is helpful to improve health-related physical fitness level of visually impaired children and adolescents.Evidence shows that exercise intervention can significantly improve the health physical fitness of visually impaired children and adolescents,so the results of health physical fitness test items should change before and after exercise intervention.Therefore,in order to further explore the scientificity of BPFT,this study uses BPFT as a health physical fitness test tool to test whether the health fitness of visually impaired children and adolescents has changed before and after exercise intervention.To sum up,the purpose of this study is to select BPFT test items suitable for Chinese visually impaired children and adolescents,verify the feasibility,reliability and validity of the selected test items in Chinese visually impaired children and adolescents,and evaluate whether BPFT can be used as a test tool to test the changes of physical fitness of visually impaired children and adolescents before and after exercise intervention.Methods:Test items of BPFT suitable for Chinese children and adolescents with visual impairment were selected according to the methods of interview and expert consultation(logical analysis).The feasibility and reliability of BPFT are measured by actual measurement method,and the validity is analyzed by logical analysis method.41 students from Shanghai school for blind children were tested twice at an interval of one week to test the stability reliability from November 23 to December 11,2020.The results of the first time were used to measure the feasibility.The feasibility is measured according to the completion rate,and whether the subjects can complete the test is judged according to the important problems found in each test item that affect the test results.35 students with visual impairment were intervened with exercise prescription for 10 weeks from March 22,2021 to May 30,2021.The types of exercise included aerobic exercise,strength training and flexibility exercise,three times a week,40 min each time.Aerobic exercise is 40% ～ 59% heart rate reserve.The first stage is 15 minutes and the second stage is 20 minutes.Strength training adopts body weight as resistance.Each action is repeated 10 times in the first stage and 13 times in the second stage,all with 2 groups.In the first stage of flexibility exercise,each action stretch lasts for 10 seconds,and the second stage lasts for 20 seconds,all repeat 2 groups.BPFT was used as health-related physical fitness test tool to measure the changes of health-related physical fitness test before and after exercise intervention.Results:(1)Research on selection of BPFT test items and its feasibility,reliability and validity(1)In BPFT,the body composition test item was body mass index(BMI),muscle strength and endurance test items were grip strength,curl up and trunk lift,flexibility test items were back-saver sit-and-reach and shoulder stretch,cardiopulmonary endurance test item was PACER.(2)In feasibility,the completion rate of all test items is 100%.(3)In reliability,the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of BMI,grip strength,curl up,trunk lift,back-saver sit-and-reach(Left/ Right leg straightening,L/R)and PACER were 0.997,0.939,0.754,0.783,0.895,0.868 and 0.888,all greater than 0.7.The Cohen’s Kappa of shoulder stretch(L/R)were 0.785 and 0.778,both greater than 0.6.(4)In validity,the items content validity indexes of BMI,grip strength,curl up trunk lift,back-saver sit-and-reach,shoulder stretch and PACER were 0.80,1.00,1.00,0.80,0.80,0.90,0.90,all greater than 0.8.The ratio of experts score to full score were0.80,0.90,0.90,0.80,0.80,0.80,0.88,all greater than 0.8.The scale content validity indexes were 0.90,0.90,0.90,0.90,0.80,1.00,1.00,0.90,1.00,1.00,all greater than0.8.(2)The intervention effect of exercise intervention measured by BPFT(1)Body composition test items.Before and after exercise intervention,there was significant difference in BMI in visual impaired boys(p<0.01)and girls(p=0.01),there was significant difference in height in visual impaired boys(p<0.01)and girls(p=0.01),there was significant difference in weight in visual impaired boys(p<0.01),but not in girls(p=0.88)(2)Muscle strength and endurance test items.Before and after exercise intervention,there was no significant difference in grip strength in visual impaired boys(p=0.31)and girls(p=0.57),there was significant difference in curl up in visual impaired boys(p<0.01)and girls(p=0.01),there was no significant difference in trunk lift in visual impaired boys(p=0.09)and girls(p=0.09).(3)Flexibility test items.Before and after exercise intervention,there was significant difference in back-saver sit-and-reach(L)in visual impaired boys(p=0.04)and girls(p=0.01);there was significant difference in back-saver sit-and-reach(R)in visual impaired boys(p=0.04),but not in girls(p=0.25).There was no significant difference in shoulder stretch in visual impaired boys(p=1.00/0.38)and girls(p=0.25/0.50).(4)Cardiopulmonary endurance test items.Before and after exercise intervention,there was significant difference in PACER in visual impaired boys(p<0.01)and girls(p=0.02).Conclusion:(1)Brockport physical fitness test have high feasibility,reliability and validity among children and adolescents with visual impairment in China.(2)As a health-related physical fitness test tool,Brockport physical fitness test can test the changes of body composition,abdominal muscle strength and endurance,lower limb and waist back flexibility and cardiopulmonary endurance of visually impaired children and adolescents before and after exercise intervention. |
PDF Full Text Request