| BackgroundHypertension is the most common chronic non-communicable disease,and the global development of hypertension is serious.Given the large population and high prevalence of hypertension in China,which is increasing year by year,the prevention and control of hypertension face a huge challenge.As hypertension is a major risk factor for many diseases,the nation’s health and quality of life are at serious risk and represent a huge economic burden.Studies have shown that a healthy lifestyle can effectively control blood pressure levels,thereby reducing mortality and disability rates and alleviating the economic burden of disease.Therefore,scientific self-management of hypertensive patients is essential to improve their lifestyles.At the same time,relevant studies have pointed out that individual self-efficacy level is an important factor to promote the change in patients’ health behavior.At present,the self-management and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients in China are not satisfactory.How to improve their self-management ability and self-efficacy level and how to develop more effective personalized self-management interventions are important issues that need to be addressed.It is important to investigate effective health interventions for hypertensive patients to improve their health status by actively preventing and treating hypertension.ObjectiveTo understand the current status of self-management behavior and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients in the community,based on the theoretical framework of Pender’s Health Promotion Model,to develop personalized comprehensive health interventions oriented to improve self-management ability,and to explore their effects on self-management behavior and self-efficacy level of hypertensive patients,in order to provide a reference for improving self-management and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients and further improving the level of chronic disease management in the community.MethodUsing a simple random sampling method,87 patients with hypertension who had established health records and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly selected from a community health service center in Baiyun District,Guangzhou City.The control group and 44 cases in the intervention group using the random number table method.Patients in the control group were treated as usual and patients in the intervention group were treated with interventions based on the Pender health promotion model,based on usual management,and the intervention was continued for 3 months.Patients were given questionnaires to assess self-management behaviour before and after the intervention.And changes in self-management behaviour and self-efficacy in the two groups were compared and analysed after 3 months.EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 25.0 software were used for data entry and statistical analysis.Result(1)Before the intervention,the overall points of self-management behaviors of the two pairs of patients were 110.39±14.59 and 110.15±14.20 with no statistical significance(P>0.05).After the intervention,the overall points of self-management behaviors of the two groups increased to 133.61±8.06 and 117.37±11.00 respectively,and the differences showed statistical significance comparing the two groups(P<0.001).Comparing the overall points of self-management behaviors of the two groups before and after the intervention,the total scores were higher after the intervention than before the intervention,which was statistically significant(P<0.01).(2)Before the intervention,the points of six dimensions of self-management behaviors of the two pairs of patients were no statistically significant(P>0.05).After the intervention,the points of each dimension were statistically significant comparing the two groups(P<0.05),except for the points of work and rest management.Before and after the intervention,the scores of each dimension of self-management behaviors of the patients in the intervention group showed statistical significance when compared before and after themselves(P<0.001).The self-management behaviors of patients in the control group showed statistical significance only for exercise management and diet management,but not for the other dimensions(P>0.05).(3)Before the intervention,the overall points of self-efficacy of the two pairs of patients were 6.76±1.36 and 6.65±1.19 with no statistical significance(P>0.05).After the intervention,the overall points of self-efficacy of the two groups increased to 8.24±0.82 and 7.10±0.78 respectively,and the differences showed statistical significance comparing the two groups(P<0.001).Comparing the overall points of self-efficacy of the two groups before and after the intervention,which was statistically significant(P<0.001).(4)Before the intervention,the points of two dimensions of self-efficacy of the two pairs of patients were no statistically significant(P>0.05).After the intervention,the points of two dimensions in intervention group was higher than control group,which were statistically significant comparing the two groups(P<0.001).Before and after the intervention,the points of each dimension of self-efficacy of the patients in the intervention group showed statistical significance when compared before and after themselves(P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of each dimension of symptom management self-efficacy of patients in the control group(P>0.05).ConclusionThe current self-management behavior and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients in the community are at an intermediate level.The interventions based on the Pender’s health promotion model can improve the self-management and self-efficacy of hypertensive patients,and have certain promotion and application value. |
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