Study On The Effect And Safety Of 5:2 Intermittent Fasting On Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Objective To explore the effects and safety of 5:2 intermittent fasting diet on patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 80 patients with ACS who underwent PCI in the First Hospital of Jiaxing from October 2021 to February 2022 were selected and divided into intermittent fasting group(IF group)and control group according to the random number method.After following the research protocol,30 patients were finally included in the IF group and 30 patients in the control group.The IF group adopted 5:2 intermittent fasting days,that is,2 intermittent days within a week were selected as fasting days,and the remaining 5 days were non-fasting days.On the non-fasting days,patients could eat normally according to the total daily energy expenditure(TDEE)level.On the fasting days,the caloric intake restriction was about 25%of TDEE(about 600 kcal for men and 500 kcal for women).The control group was on a normal diet without caloric restriction.The levels of total bilirubin(TBIL),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),uric acid(UA),and creatinine(CRE)were collected and compared between the two groups before discharge and 6 months after discharge.The body weight,body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and fasting blood glucose(FBG)were collected and compared between the two groups before discharge,3 months and 6 months after discharge.The World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF(WHOQOL-Bref)was used to evaluate the quality of life of the two groups of patients before discharge,3 months and 6 months after discharge,and the endpoint events and adverse reactions of the two groups of patients within 6 months after discharge were recorded and compared.SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results 1.Observation between the two groups after intervention(1)3 months after discharge:TC,LDL-C,and FBG in IF group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05),WHOQOL-Bref scores in physiological and psychological fields were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).(2)6 months after discharge:BMI,TC,LDL-C,and FBG in IF group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05),TBIL and physiological domain score in WHOQOL-Bref score in IF group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05).2.Observation before and after intervention in the group(1)3 months after discharge compared with pre-discharge:TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C in the control group decreased compared with pre-discharge(P<0.05),weight,BMI,SBP,DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,and FBG in the IF group decreased compared with pre-discharge(P<0.05),WHOQOL-Bref scores in all domains increased in both groups compared to pre-discharge(P<0.05).(2)6 months after discharge compared with the pre-discharge:SBP,DBP,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,TBIL,ALT,and AST in the control group decreased compared with the pre-discharge(P<0.05),weight,BMI,SBP,DBP,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,FBG,TBIL,ALT,AST,and UA in the IF group decreased compared with pre-discharge(P<0.05),LVEF and WHOQOL-Bref scores in all domains increased in both groups compared with pre-discharge(P<0.05).(3)6 months after discharge compared with 3 months after discharge:SBP,DBP,TC,and LDL-C in the control group decreased compared with 3 months after discharge(P<0.05),LVEF,physiological domain score,and psychological domain score increased compared with 3 months after discharge(P<0.05),weight,BMI,and LDL-C in the IF group decreased compared with 3 months after discharge(P<0.05),LVEF,physical domain scores,psychological domain scores,and environmental domain scores all increased compared with 3 months after discharge(P<0.05).3.Within 6 months after discharge,the incidence of the primary endpoint event was 10.0%(3/30)in the IF group and 13.3%(4/30)in the control group,with no significant difference in the overall cumulative risk of the primary endpoint event between the two groups(P>0.05).Within 6 months after discharge,the main adverse reactions in the control group were malaise and bloating,while in the IF group the main adverse reactions were malaise,dizziness,thirst,decreased concentration,nausea and bloating.The differences in dizziness and thirst among the adverse reactions in the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion 5:2 intermittent fasting diet can help ACS patients lose weight and reduce BMI,improve SBP,DBP,TC,TG,LDL-C,FBG,UA and other levels,and improve the quality of life of patients.There was no significant effect of 5:2 intermittent fasting on the occurrence of endpoint events in ACS patients after PCI in the short term,and intermittent fasting may cause some mild adverse reactions such as fatigue,dizziness,thirst,but no serious adverse reactions occur.In conclusion,5:2 intermittent fasting in ACS patients after PCI is safe and has clinical application value.