Effects Of Polysaccharide Extracts From Hawthorn Fruits And Leaves On Glycolipid Metabolism In Obese Mice

Obesity has gradually become an important factor threatening the life and health of adults and even adolescents.Chemical weight loss drugs and surgery have relatively large side effects and adverse reactions.Traditional Chinese medicine with the same origin of medicine and food shows certain advantages in preventing and treating obesity.Revealing its material basis and mechanism of action and further formulating it will better regulate metabolism and safely reduce fat and weight.Previous studies have found that hawthorn protects the cardiovascular system while regulating body weight and blood lipids,which is of great significance for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity.Based on this,this study established the extraction and purification process of different parts of hawthorn fruit and hawthorn leaves and the qualitative and quantitative analysis method of their material components.Using a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model,the different extraction parts of hawthorn fruits and leaves and the synergy of fruit and leaves were investigated respectively.The regulatory effect of regulating glucose and lipid metabolism to protect cardiovascular and the effect on intestinal flora of obese mice provides data support for the development of functional products of hawthorn fruits and leaves.1.Preparation and content determination of polysaccharide in Hawthorn fruits and leavesThe continuous extraction and separation technology of different extracts from Hawthorn fruits and leaves was established,and the main components were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The supernatant parts(EHF)of Hawthorn fruits and the supernatant parts(EHL)of Hawthorn leaves were obtained by ethanol and water extraction and alcohol precipitation.The precipitation parts were further purified and dried by deproteinization and dialysis to obtain the polysaccharide extracts(PHF)of Hawthorn fruits and the polysaccharide extracts(PHL)of Hawthorn leaves.The contents of Vitexin-4”-Oglucoside,Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside,Vitexin,Rutin,Hyperin,quercetin in EHF and EHL were determined by HPLC.The contents of polysaccharides,furfural acid,protein and tannin in PHF and PHL were determined by UV method.The results showed that EHF,EHL,PHF and PHL were 46.38 %,23.83 %,1.3 % and 1.54 % respectively;The highest Hyperin in EHF was 0.2340 mg/g,and the lowest Vitexin content was 0.0070 mg/g;The highest content of Vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside in EHF was 2.9553 mg/g,and the lowest Vitexin content was 0.1463 mg/g;The contents of polysaccharide,uronic acid,tannin and protein in PHF were 62.51 %,19.64 %,2.66 % and 0.59 % respectively,and those in PHL were 61.72 %,18.55 %,3.24 % and 1.04 %,respectively.2.Pharmacodynamics of Hawthorn fruits and leaf polysaccharide on high fat diet in obese miceObese mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks,and received different extracts from Hawthorn fruits and leaves and orlistat capsule for 8 weeks.Compared with normal group,the body weight,Lee’s index and body fat rate of Mod mice increased significantly,and serum lipid,insulin,leptin,lipoprotein a and immunoglobulin g levels were significantly increased,while glucose tolerance was significantly decreased.Compared with model group,polysaccharide of Hawthorn fruits and leaves significantly decreased body weight,Lee’s index,white adipose tissue weight and body fat rate of obese mice and blood lipid,insulin,leptin,lipoprotein a and immunoglobulin G were significantly decreased,and glucose tolerance was improved.The insulin and lipoprotein a level of mice in polysaccharide of Hawthorn fruits and leaves were close to normal.Different extracts of Hawthorn fruits and leaves can restore the abnormal structure of liver cells in different degrees,reduce the vacuolation of liver fat,reduce the volume of fat cells and regulate the abnormal liver function.The results of 16 S r DNA sequencing showed that compared with normal group,the proportion of thick-walled bacteria in model group increased from23.54 % to 44.81 %,and the relative abundance of Bacteroides decreased by 71.84 %,decreased by 28.23 % and 12.16 % respectively,and increased by 63.5% and 55.71 %,respectively.Polysaccharide of Hawthorn fruits and leaves simultaneously decreased the levels of Erysipelotrichaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Rikenellaceae,while increased the levels of Bacteroides.It is suggested that Hawthorn polysaccharides can participate in regulating the changes of intestinal flora in obese mice,and may play an anti-obesity role by regulating intestinal energy consumption,lipid storage or consumption.3.Study on the mechanism of polysaccharides of Hawthorn fruits and leaves regulating abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in obese miceThe results showed that polysaccharide of Hawthorn fruits and leaves could increase the levels of PI3 K and P-AKT1 proteins,and decrease the levels of LEPR,JAK2,SREBP-1,P-STAT3 and P-GSK3β proteins in different degrees.HFLM was superior to other administration sites in reducing the protein levels of SREBP-1 and P-GSK3β.These results suggest that Hawthorn can regulate disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism through PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT pathways,and the combined administration of fruits and leaves has synergistic effect.This paper systematically investigated the effects of Hawthorn fruits,leaves polysaccharide,flavonoid extracts and fruits and leaves synergistic treatment on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice,providing basic data for the development of functional products of hawthorn fruit and hawthorn leaf polysaccharide.