| Objectives To explore the oral sensory-motor function characteristics of children with functional articulation disorders(FAD)and analyze the influencing factors,and to provide the basis and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of children with FAD.Methods In a prospective research,From June 2021 to January 2022,61 children who were diagnosed with FAD and who complained of "unintelligible pronunciation" were admitted to the outpatient department of the Children’s Health Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University as the research objects,including 42 males and19 females,aged 4.0-6.9 years,with an average age of 5.29±0.81 years,among them,13 patients suffered from hyperactive behavior;90 normal healthy children as the control group,including 60 males and 30 females,aged 4.0-6.9 years,with an average age of 5.52±0.91 years.Professionals from the Children’s Health Department,Stomatology and Ent Department of our hospital carried out the scale,articulation disorder examination,intelligence assessment,articulatory organ and hearing examination,and excluded organic diseases.Oral Sensory-motor Assessment Form and its application in children with cerebral palsy researched by Pan Xueke and Lu Hongyun’s Oral Motor Function Assessment Form were used to conduct oral sensory-motor assessment.Comorbid hyperactive behavior was assessed using the Parental Symptom Questionnaire.Statistical analysis used independent sample t test,Chi-square test,multiple independent sample rank sum test,two independent sample rank sum test,and Spearman correlation analysis.All cases P<0.05 was considered as significant difference.Results1.The total score of oral sensory-motor function,mandibular motion,lip motion and tongue motion of the control children of different age groups gradually increased with age,with significant differences between different age groups(H=47.47,41.88,17.02,54.71,all P = 0.000).The total score of oral sensory-motor function,mandibular motion,lip motion and tongue motion were very different,and boys were lower than girls(Z=-3.323,-4.862,-3.806,-3.633,all P<0.001).All oral sensory scores were 1.00,with no age or sex differences.2.In the case group,the total oral sensory-motor function score(0.85±0.08vs0.94±0.03),oral sensation(0.96±0.08vs1.00±0.00),mandibular motion(0.80±0.15vs0.91±0.05),lip motion(0.86±0.09vs0.93±0.04)and tongue motion(0.82±0.12vs0.94±0.03)were all lower than those of the control group,and there were significant differences(t =10.307,11.950,25.340,10.567,12.652,all P=0.000).3.The total score of oral sensory-motor function,oral sensation,mandibular motion,lip motion and tongue motion all gradually increased with age,with significant differences among the age groups(H = 20.086,11.950,25.340,10.567,12.652,all P < 0.01).Comparison of the results across the age groups: In the 4-year-old case group,the total score of oral sensory-motor function,oral sensation,mandibular motion,lip motion,tongue motion were lower than that of the control group,with great significant difference(t=8.89,4.23,6.10,4.01,8.01,all P=0.000);In the 5-year-old case group,the total score of oral sensory-motor function,mandibular motion,lip motion and tongue motion were lower than those of the control group,with the most significant difference(t=7.74,5.17,4.44,6.06,all P < 0.01);In the 6-year-old case group,the total score of oral sensory-motor function and tongue motion were lower than those of the control group,with the most significant difference(t=3.09,3.16,all P<0.01).4.Comparison between the different genders: The total score of oral sensory-motor function,lip motion and tongue motion among boys in the case group were lower than those of the girls in the case group,with the most significant difference(Z =-2.049,-1.958,-2.979,all P < 0.05);No significant difference in oral sensation,mandibular motion(P>0.05).The total score,mandibular motion,lip motion and tongue motion of the case group were lower than those of the control group of the same sex,with the most significant differences(P<0.05).The oral sensation in the boy case group was lower than that in the control group,and there was a very significant difference(t=4.07,P=0.000),no significant difference for girls(t=1.84,P=0.073).5.There were extremely significant differences in the total score of oral sensory-motor function,oral sensation,mandibular motion,lip motion,and tongue motion between the comorbid hyperactive behavior case group,the non-hyperactive behavior case group and the control group(all P<0.001).There were no significant differences in the total score of oral sensory-motor function,oral sensation,jaw motion,lip motion and tongue motion between the comorbid hyperactive behavior case group and he non-hyperactive behavior case group(Z=9.110,8.284,2.606,-4.570,18.691,all P>0.05).6.Comparison between IQ > 85 and ≤ 85 in case group: There were no significant differences in the total score of oral sensory-motor function,oral sensation,mandibular motion,lip motion and tongue motion(Z=-0.604,-1.414,-0.507,-1.585,-0.178,all P>0.05).7.There was a significant correlation between the movements of the tongue(P<0.05);there was a significant correlation between the labiodental sounds and the movements of the mandible and labial parts(P<0.05);there was a significant correlation between the movements of the tongue and the facial sounds and the movements of the tongue sex(P<0.05).There were significant correlations between the pre-apical,post-apical and base of the tongue and the movements of the mandible,tongue and lips(P<0.05).Conclusions1.There are age and gender differences in the oral sensory-motor function of normal children and children with FAD,and they both develop and improve with age.2.The oral sensory-motor function of children with FAD is lower than that of normal children of the same age and sex.3.Comorbid hyperactive behavior and different intelligence levels had no significant effect on the scores of oral sensory-motor function in children with FAD.4.The consonant pronunciation errors are related to different degrees of oral motor function in different pronunciation parts such as mandible,lips and tongue. |
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