Differences Research In EEG Power Spectral Density Between Unipolar And Bipolar Depressive Disorder

Objective:The differential diagnosis and treatment of unipolar and bipolar disorder is a clinical problem.Although the typical symptoms of bipolar disorder are recurrent emotional ups and downs,depressive episode is still the core symptom of the disease.Therefore,it is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed in clinic,and has become one of the global public health problems.In this study,the EEG power spectrum of patients with depressive disorder and bipolar depressive episode were compared,and the possible EEG biological characteristics of unipolar and bipolar depressive disorder were discussed.It provides clinical basis for clinical distinction between unipolar and bipolar depressive disorder,and improves the recognition rate of depressive disorder and bipolar depressive episode.Methods:The subjects were the inpatients in the Department of Mental Health of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2017 to December 2021 collected by the research group of mood disorders,who met the The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10 th Revision(ICD-10)unipolar and bipolar disorder depression.A total of 393 patients were included,including 200 patients with unipolar disorder depression and 193 patients with bipolar disorder depression.The informed consent was signed.24-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD-24)was used to assess the severity of depression,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)was used to assess the severity of anxiety symptoms,and Bech-Rafaelsdn Mania Rating Scale(BRMS)was used to assess the degree of mania.In this study,16 resting EEG data were recorded according to the electrodes placed in the international 10–20 system.Record open-eye EEG data for about 5 minutes in quiet state.Preprocessing EEG data:(1)Import data;(2)positioning electrode;(3)excluding useless electrodes(ECG);(4)Using 0.1~70Hz band-pass filter,concave filter 48~52Hz;(5)Data segmentation(EEG data every 2 seconds 1 segmentation);(6)preview the data,remove bad segment;(7)Interpolation bad derivation;(8)Independent component analysis(ICA)for artifact correction;(9)Rereference was conducted with A1 and A2 electrodes as reference electrodes.After pretreatment,the data of 16 electrode points were processed by Fast Fourier Transform(FTT),and the power spectrum of each electrode was extracted.The results were converted by 10*log10.The average power of each band δ(0.5-4Hz),(4-8Hz),α(8-13Hz),β(13-30Hz),γ(30-70Hz)is calculated.The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS25.Results:1.The clinical characteristics of unipolar and bipolar disorder depression: There were differences in gender,age,onset age,onset form and HAMA between the two groups(p<0.05).Demographic data showed that female patients with unipolar depressive disorder were more common(t=7.250,p=0.007),older(t=-2.975,p=0.003),older onset age(t=-4.558,p=0.001),the average age was 41.875±19.626 years old,the onset age was36.495±18.631 years old,and the onset was more common(t=13.053,p=0.000);patients with bipolar disorder depression were younger,with an average age of 36.243±17.577 years old and an onset age of 26.288±14.816,and recurrence was common.The HAMA score in the unipolar depressive disorder group was significantly higher than that in the bipolar disorder depression group.The HAMA score in the unipolar depressive disorder group was 14.880±6.379,and the bipolar disorder depression score was13.561±6.203.There was no difference in HAMD score,years of education and marriage between the two groups(p>0.05).2.Comparison of EEG power spectrum between unipolar and bipolar disorder :The average power of each channel δ,θ,α,β,γ was calculated by FTT.It was found that:(1)There were differences between the two groups at the C3 electrode point(t=1.975,p=0.049),O2 electrode point(t=1.999,p=0.046),FP1 electrode point(t=2.012,p=0.045),FP2 electrode point(t=2.222,p=0.027)and F8 electrode point(t=2.223,p=0.026)in the δ band;(2)There were differences between the two groups at the C3 electrode point(t=1.948,p=0.048),FP2 electrode point(t=2.101,p=0.036)and F8 electrode point(t=2.409,p=0.016)in the θ band;(3)There were differences between the two groups at α band C3 electrode point(t=2.665,p=0.008),O1 electrode point(t=2.500,p=0.013),O2 electrode point(t=2.338,p=0.017),T3 electrode point(t=2.665,p=0.008),T5 electrode point(t=2.467,p=0.014),FP1 electrode point(t=2.159,P=0.031),FP2 electrode point(t=2.579,p=0.001),and F8 electrode point(t=3.310,p=0.002);(4)There was no significant difference in β and γ bands between the two groups(p>0.05).Conclusion:The absolute power of C3,O2,FP1,FP2 and F8 electrode points in δ band of BPD group was higher than that of UPD group;the absolute power of C3,FP2 and F8 electrode points in θ band of BPD group was higher than that of UPD group;the absolute power of C2,O1,O2,T3,T5,FP1,FP2 and F8 electrode points in α band of BPD group was higher than that of UPD group.Therefore,The power spectrum differences of δ,θ,α bands may be the biological markers to identify depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.