The Effect Of Allergy In Early Life On Childhood Asthma

Objectives:The number of people suffering from allergic diseases has increased exponentially worldwide,affecting more than 25% of the world’s population,especially children,and the presence of allergies early in life may be a risk factor for asthma in children and even adults.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of early-life allergic reactions on childhood asthma,identify high-risk groups for childhood asthma,and provide a theoretical basis for individualized prevention and management of childhood asthma.Methods:In this study,children who visited the respiratory clinic and asthma specialist clinic of Chengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital from March 2019 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects,and a questionnaire survey was conducted,with a total of 1889 cases.Allergic reactions in children were used as explanatory variables and asthma as the explained variables.First,Logistic regression analysis was used to preliminarily examine the effect of early life allergic reactions on childhood asthma.Then,the statistically significant variables in the Logistic regression analysis were further tested by Propensity Score Matching(PSM)to test the relationship between allergy risk factors and asthma to determine the main risk factors for childhood asthma.Finally,the effects of different "allergic comorbidities" patterns and the number of allergies on childhood asthma were explored through Logistic regression,and the "allergic comorbidities" pattern that had a greater impact on childhood asthma was identified.Results:1.Descriptive statistics found that there were 567 cases of allergy in infancy,of which the asthma group accounted for 39.79% and the non-asthma group accounted for 25.82%.The asthma group accounted for 60.73%,the non-asthmatic group accounted for 46.74%,the asthma group was 13.99 percentage points higher than the non-asthmatic group.2.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis found that allergic disease in infancy and early childhood was a risk factor for childhood asthma(allergy in infancy: OR=1.85,95%CI: 1.497-2.296,P<0.001;allergy in childhood: OR =1.48,95%CI:1.193-1.836,P<0.001),in which infant and early childhood eczema(infant eczema: OR=2.01,95%CI: 1.611-2.502,P<0.001;early childhood eczema OR=1.5995%CI: 1.263-2.011,P=0.057)had a statistically significant effect on childhood asthma,and the risk in infancy was higher than that in early childhood.Allergic rhinitis in childhood(OR=1.28,95%CI:0.993-1.653,P=0.039)was a risk factor for childhood asthma,and the risk in infancy was higher than that in childhood.Infant food allergy(OR=1.73,95%CI:0.952-3.137,P=0.018)had a statistically significant effect on childhood asthma,and the risk in infancy was slightly lower than that in infancy.Early childhood pollen allergy(OR=1.36 95%CI: 1.06-1.761,P=0.018)was also a risk factor for childhood asthma.3.The results of propensity score matching(PSM)analysis confirmed that children with eczema in infancy and early childhood,and children with food allergy and hay fever in early childhood were still at higher risk of developing asthma.After matching,there was no significant difference among the control variables,and the balance test was passed.However,after matching,children suffering from allergic rhinitis did not pass the significance test.There may be no correlation between the two,or the results may be distorted due to the influence of hidden bias.4.The "allergic comorbidity" model found that both eczema and food allergy were present in infancy and early childhood(infancy: OR=2.46,95%CI: 1.195-5.061,P=0.015;early childhood: OR= 2.13,95%CI: 1.246-3.635,P=0.006)had a higher risk of developing asthma,and the risk in infancy was higher than that in early childhood.Allergic rhinitis and pollen allergy in childhood(OR=2.87,95%CI:1.130-7.265,P=0.027)were risk factors for childhood asthma.The effects of both allergic rhinitis and eczema in childhood(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.403-3.517,P<0.001)were statistically significant in childhood asthma.In addition,it was found that in general,the greater the number of allergic diseases in early life,the greater the risk of asthma.Conclusions:This study found that eczema in infancy and early childhood,food allergy and hay fever in early childhood were risk factors for childhood asthma.Children with multiple allergies often coexist in early life,with eczema and food allergy in infancy and early childhood,allergic rhinitis and hay fever in early childhood,allergic rhinitis and eczema have a higher risk of asthma.And the younger the allergic age,the greater the risk of asthma.In addition,it was found that the greater the number of allergic diseases in early life,the greater the risk of asthma.Finally,this paper puts forward policy recommendations from the tertiary prevention of childhood allergies.The primary prevention includes strengthening prenatal and postnatal care,promoting breastfeeding,and reasonably introducing solid food.Secondary prevention includes strengthening allergen screening,tertiary prevention includes adopting low-cost strategies to control allergens,and implementing PDCA(Plan Do Check Action)cycle education in accordance with plan,implementation,evaluation and treatment to optimize the implementation effect of prevention and control measures.