Comparative Study On Chemical Components Of Plant From Polygonatum

Polygonati Rhizoma(Huangjing)and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(Yuzhu)are two traditional Chinese medicinal and food homologous materials in China,both of which are derived from Polygonatum and used as medicine with rhizomes.In traditional Chinese medicine,Huangjing can invigorate Qi and Yin,invigorate the spleen,moisten the lung and benefit the kidney,Yuzhu can nourish yin,moisten dryness,generate body fluid and quench thirst[1].Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Huangjing and Yuzhu have obvious activities in lowering blood glucose,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-aging,neuroprotection and immune enhancement.According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition),Polygonatum sibiricum,Polygonatum cyrtonema and Polygonatum kingianum are the authentic source of Huangjing,and Polygonatum odoratum is the authentic source of Yuzhu[1].However,in the folk,the rhizomes of various plants of Polygonatum are used as Huangjing or Yuzhu,and there is a phenomenon of mixed use of Huangjing and Yuzhu.The plant resources of Polygonatum is rich.According to flora of China,there are about 60 species of Polygonatum in the world,including 39 species in China,of which 20 are endemic[2].Polygonatum has a wide range of variation within the genus and a variety of transitional species.The abundant plant resources of Polygonatum and the large variation within the genus have greatly hindered the development and utilization of the plant resources of Polygonatum.Chemical composition is an important material basis for the development and utilization of plant resources.However,the quality control indexes,only the polysaccharide content,of Huangjing and Yuzhu are single in the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The research work mainly took the Pharmacopoeia varieties as the research object and the separation of monomer compounds and related pharmacological activities as the main research content.As a common drug and food homologous medicinal materials,the research on its nutritional components is insufficient.The chemical background of several species of Polygonatum is almost blank,such as P.kingianum(white flower),P.macropodum,P.stenophyllum and et al.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the edible value of Polygonatum medicinal and edible homologous herbs,and to compare and analyze the chemical components of different species of Polygonatum.(1)This paper evaluated the edible value of medicinal and edible homologous medicinal material of Polygonatum by determining its nutritional components and main bioactive substances.The detection indexes of nutritional components include carbohydrate content and composition,protein content and amino acid composition,vitamin and mineral element content.The detection indicators of bioactive substances include the total contents of polysaccharides,steroidal saponins,flavonoids and phenolic acids.The results showed that the plant of Polygonatum had the nutritional characteristics of high carbohydrate nutritional value,rich amino acids,low starch,high glutamate,high VB6,high Fe,high Mn and high Mo,and contained bioactive substances such as polysaccharides and steroidal saponins.Medicinal and edible homologous medicinal material of Polygonatum is a high-quality dietary raw material consistent with the concept of health and has great potential in the field of food development.(2)In this paper,by the content determination of chemical components,fingerprint similarity evaluation and metabonomics chemometrics,a liquid chromatography method was established to detect the contents of 15 chemical components in 4 classes of Polygonatum.The characteristics of chemical components in Polygonatum were systematically analyzed,and the differences of chemical components in 14 different species were compared,which provided a scientific basis for the identification of Polygonatum and its species.A UPLC-PDA method was established for the detection of 15 chemical components of 4 types of Polygonatum.The detection objects include triterpene saponins:ginsenoside Rb1,madecassoside;steroidal saponins:diosgenin and protodiosgenin;lignans:(-)-syringin;flavonoids:neoliquiritin,neoisoliquritin,echinatin,naringenin,methylophiopogonanone B,isomucronulatol,chrysoeriol,apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,kaempferol and rutin.It can be well applied to the determination of chemical components in 14 species of Polygonatum,including P.odoratum,P.sibiricum,P.kingianum,P.cyrtonema,P.macropodum,P.zanlanscianense,P.filipes,P.verticillatum,P.inflatum,P.cirrhifolium,P.acuminatifolium,P.humile,P.stenophyllum and et al.The results showed that Polygonatum contained the 4 types chemical components except P.kingianum(lignans were not measured),but there were differences in the specific categories and contents of chemical components among different species.The fingerprint of Polygonatum is established.14 different species have 16 common peaks,and the similarity is 0.726～0.951.This result will not only provide a new method for the identification of Polygonatum,but also provide a scientific basis for the full development and utilization of Polygonatum plant resources(especially the species which are recorded in Pharmacopoeia).The fingerprints of 8 species in Polygonatum were established,including P.odoratum,P.sibiricum,P.kingianum,P.kingianum(white flower),P.cyrtonema,P.macropodum,P.zanlanscianense,P.filipes.The number of common peaks calibrated by samples from different habitats of 8 species were 19,19,19,21,21,32,24 and 21 respectively,and the similarity was 0.720～0.937,0.671～0.974,0.805～0.978,0.793～0.963,0.907～0.958,0.559～0.993,0.693～0.949 and 0.889～0.986 respectively.The similarity of fingerprints of samples from different habitats of the same species is closely related to the resource type,place of origin and growth environment of the samples.Therefore,the establishment of fingerprints of different species within the genus will provide a new method not only for the identification of the species of Polygonatum,but also for the scientific evaluation of the sample quality of the species.Using metabonomics technology,this paper systematically analyzed the chemical components of 14 different species of Polygonatum,filled the blank of chemical background of P.inflatum,P.stenophyllum,P.acuminatifolium,and et al,and had important guiding significance for the development and utilization of Polygonatum plant resources.Among the 14 species of Polygonatum,135 chemical components were preliminarily identified,including 45 steroidal saponins,47 flavonoids,9 alkaloids,3 coumarins and lignans,4 terpenoids and 27 fatty acids and their derivatives.Steroidal saponins and flavonoids(especially high-isoflavones)are the main active secondary metabolites in Polygonatum.On this basis,the similarity of different species of Polygonatum was compared from the perspective of chemical composition,and the main differential metabolites were obtained by OPLS-DA.The results showed that 14 species of Polygonatum were divided into two types due to the difference of chemical composition distribution.Type Ⅰ includes P.odoratum,P.filipes,P.cyrtonema,P.macropodum,P.kingianum,and P.zanlanscianense,and typeⅡ includes P.sibiricum,P.acuminatifolium,P.inflatum,P.humile,P.cirrhifolium,P.verticillatum and P.stenophyllum.There are mainly high-isoflavones,flavonoids,fatty acids and their derivatives in type Ⅰ,and there are mainly pteropin,steroidal saponins,lignans,alkaloids,phosphatidylic acids and their derivatives in in type Ⅱ.