Study On The Status And Influencing Factors Of Humanistic Care Ability Of Long-term Home-based Elderly Caregivers

Objective: To understand the status quo and relationship between the attitude,caring atmosphere,interpersonal communication ability and humanistic care ability of long-term care for the elderly at home.Furthermore,the influence of attitude to the elderly,caring atmosphere and interpersonal communication ability on humanistic care ability was further clarified,providing basic information for the construction of humanistic care intervention model for long-term home-based elderly caregivers and the improvement of their care ability.Methods: This study was a non-experimental cross-sectional cross-sectional survey.From March to May of 2021,210 long-term home-based elderly caregivers in a city were selected as subjects by convenience sampling.Field questionnaire survey was carried out using general data questionnaire,attitude scale for the elderly,nurse-patient Care Interaction Rating scale,supportive interpersonal communication ability scale,humanistic care ability scale and other research tools.SPSS26.0statistical software was used for data analysis.Counting data are described by frequency and composition ratio;Measurement data were described by mean and standard deviation.Data satisfying normal distribution were statistically analyzed by independent sample T test,ANOVA analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis,multiple linear regression analysis,and mediation effect test by Process plug-in,with test standard α=0.05.Results:(1)Overall situation of long-term care providers for the elderly at home: a total of210 people were surveyed,among whom,those aged 45 to 60 accounted for more than50%(56.1%),and those aged over 60 accounted for 22.9%;There were 139 females(66.2%),more than males.Han nationality accounted for 152(72.4%);72 students(34.3%)had education degrees in high school or secondary school,almost the same as those in middle school(30.5%).(2)The current level of variables of long-term care for the elderly at home: the score of humanistic care ability was(163.10±31.25),which was at a low level;The score of interpersonal communication ability was(66.31±12.94),which was at a good level.The score of attitude towards the elderly was(126.62±26.65).The score of caring atmosphere was(24.73±5.04),which was medium.(3)Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in scores of humanistic care ability in age,education level,place of residence,relationship with the elderly,whether they had been engaged in medical work,and length of care among long-term home-based elderly caregivers(P < 0.05).Among them,young and middle-aged caregivers,female caregivers with high school education or above,living in urban areas,elderly and children caregivers with medical experience and less than 5 years of nursing experience scored higher in humanistic care ability.(4)Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between humanistic care ability and attitude towards the elderly(r=0.642,P<0.01),caring atmosphere(r=0.563,P<0.01)and interpersonal communication ability(r=0.661,P<0.01).(5)Multiple linear regression analysis showed that education level,unengaged in medical work,children of the elderly,attitude towards the elderly,caring atmosphere and interpersonal communication ability were the main influencing factors of humanistic care ability,which accounted for 57.5% of the total variation of humanistic care ability(F=5.861,P<0.05).(6)The mediating effect test results of Process showed that caring atmosphere and interpersonal communication ability had significant mediating effects on elderly attitude and humanistic care ability(Bootse=0.443),with 95% confidence interval[0.237-0.637](excluding 0).Interpersonal communication ability has the most significant mediating effect on elderly attitude and humanistic care ability(Bootse=0.259),95% confidence interval [0.101-0.410](excluding 0);The attitude of the elderly can significantly positively predict the ability of humanistic care,with a direct effect C ’=0.309(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)The subjects’ interpersonal communication skills are low and there is still a lot of room for improvement;The score of caring atmosphere is in the middle level.The overall situation is not optimistic and needs to be improved continuously in the future.(2)the research object of the humanistic care ability at low levels,nursing staff should pay attention to the male,older age,lower cultural level,from the countryside,the old man children,not engaged in medical work,unmarried,care for more than five years of care,to take targeted measures to improve the elderly long-term care that occupy the home of humanistic care ability,thus improve the overall level of care.(3)The subjects’ attitude toward the elderly,caring atmosphere,interpersonal communication ability and humanistic care ability are positively correlated.The higher the score of attitude toward the elderly,caring atmosphere,interpersonal communication ability,the higher the humanistic care ability.Moreover,education level,medical work experience,relationship with the elderly,attitude towards the elderly,caring atmosphere,interpersonal communication ability and other factors affect the subjects’ humanistic care ability.Therefore,the above factors should be considered as important intervention contents when implementing health education intervention for long-term home-based elderly caregivers in the future,and effective measures should be taken to effectively improve the humanistic care ability of caregivers,so as to improve the happiness of home-based elderly and effectively improve their health status.(4)The direct effect of attitude towards the elderly on the ability of caring for the elderly at home is the largest;Interpersonal communication ability has the most indirect effect between them.The indirect effect of caring atmosphere and interpersonal communication ability was second.