Effects Of PFOS And PFOA On DNA And Nervous System And Protection Of Blueberry Anthocyanins In Planarian Dugesia Japonica

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and perfluorinated sulfonic acids(PFOA)are the typical representatives of perfluorochemicals.Due to its good hydrophobic and oleophobic properties,it is widely used in industrial products and daily consumer goods.As the toxicity of perfluorinated compounds is gradually discovered,PFOS and PFOA are also banned,but their mechanism of toxic is still unclear.Anthocyanin(ANT)is a natural pigment with antioxidant activity.It is rich in blueberries and has high nutritional value.Dugesia japonica is very sensitive to environmental stimuli and has a strong ability to regenerate.So it is suitable for detect water quality.In our study,the effect of PFOS and PFOA to the planarian was investigated by detecting the alteration of neuro-related genes expression,neurotransmitters,neuronal morphology and DNA damage.PFOS or PFOA appliction with ANT was used to test whether ANT can repair PFOS and PFOA-induced damage.The main results of research are as follows:1.The co-application of PFOS or PFOA with ANT was used to treat planarians for 1 d,4 d and 10 d,respectively.q-PCR was used to detect the expression of five neural related genes(Djotx A,Djotx B,Dj Fox D,Dj Fox G and Djnlg).The results showed that the expression levels of five genes induced by PFOS and PFOA were up-regulated or down-regulated in different degrees.After the application of ANT,the expression of the five genes had different degrees of callback.2.After cutting off the head of planarians,different concentrations of PFOS and co-application of PFOS and PFOA with ANT were used to treated with intact and regenerated planarian for 7 d and 10 d.Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the alterations of neural morphology caused by PFOS,PFOA and the protection of ANT.The results showed that PFOS and PFOA reduced the ganglion density in intact and regenerated planarians,and the neural morphology of intact and regenerated planarians recovered to some extent after ANT combined treatment.3.The different concentrations of PFOS or PFOA and co-application of PFOS or PFOA with ANT was used to treat planarians for 1 d,4 d and 10 d,respectively.Elisa Kit was used to detect the level of 3 neurotransmitters,dopamine(DA),serotonin(5-HT),and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA).The results showed that PFOS and PFOA changed the levels of neurotransmitter to varying degrees.After ANT combined treatment,the levels of neurotransmitter restored to varying degrees.4.The different concentrations of PFOS or PFOA and co-application of PFOS or PFOA with ANT was used to treat planarians for 4 d.Single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)were performed to detect DNA damage.The results showed that both PFOS and PFOA caused DNA damage to varying degrees,and the DNA damage was more severe after PFOS exposure.After the co-application of ANT,the DNA damage caused by PFOS and PFOA was significantly restored,and almost all returned to the control levels.Conclusion: the above experimental results indicated that PFOS and PFOA could alter the expression of Djotx A,Djotx B,Dj Fox D,Dj Fox G and Djnlg;the level of neurotransmitters,DA,5-HT and GABA;the neural morphology and caused DNA damage in planarians.In the whole process,ANT showed good protect ability against the damage caused by PFOS and PFOA.