Study On Phenological Characteristics And Reproductive Biology Of Seven Jujube Germplasm Resources

In this paper,seven jujube varieties introduced and cultivated by the Horticultural Experimental Station of Tarim University in recent years and one variety with good performance planted in Xinjiang for many years were taken as the research objects,and the phenological characteristics of different varieties in different key periods under the unified management mode of the same planting area were systematically observed.The spatial distribution of and its reproductive components,the relationship between the supply of vegetative branches and the number of fruits,and the effects of changes in climatic conditions were studied,so as to reveal the growth habits of different jujube varieties,the annual growth law of each growth phenological period and the law of fruit growth and development,and to explore the effects of climatic conditions on the growth and yield of jujube trees.The main results are as follows :(1)The annual growth cycle of 8 jujube varieties in 2022 lasted from April to November,and the growth period was 196-216 d.The difference of germination period between different varieties was 1 ～ 8 d,the difference of leaf expansion period was 2 ～ 7 d,the difference of flowering period was 2 ～ 7 d,the difference of fruit setting period was 1 ～ 11 d,the difference of fruit maturity period was 1 ～ 13 d,and the difference of defoliation period was 1 ～ 16 d.(2)There were two peak periods of flower abscission in each jujube variety,from May 29 to June 6and from June 6 to June 16,respectively,and the flower abscission rate was 95.12 %(Fengmiguan)-99.42%(Jun jujube).The fruit drop period also showed a ’ bimodal type ’,which mainly occurred from June 20 to June 25 and from August 19 to August 24.The fruit drop rate was 41.51 %(Fengmiguan)～ 82.80 %(Pingguozao),and the average fruit drop rate was 55.37 %.(3)The average thickness of jujube hanging of each jujube variety was 2.19 mm(Dahuizao)～ 3.14mm(Dongzao);the average length was 20.10 cm(Dahuizao)～ 29.32 cm(Pingguozao).The average number of nodes and leaves was 10.6(Dahuizao)～ 13(Jun jujube);the node ratio was significantly positively correlated with the number of buds and flowers,and was significantly positively correlated with the number of fallen flowers.(4)Through the investigation of the spatial distribution of different jujube varieties,the number of hangings per plant and the amount of flowering per branch showed that the number of southwest branches was better than that of northeast branches in spatial distribution,while the number of hanging fruit per branch showed east > west > south > north in spatial distribution.(5)The germination period,leaf expansion period and flowering period(number of buds,number of flowers,number of fallen flowers)of each jujube variety were significantly positively correlated with the minimum temperature,and the deciduous period was significantly negatively correlated with the minimum temperature.