| Corn is an important food crop in China.Its yield and quality are the focus of the national food security system inspection.The promotion and application of excellent new varieties and their supporting technologies are key measures to ensure a high and stable yield of maize.In this study,we analyzed the yield capability and stability of the new maize variety Chongken 166 using two-year regional trial data and clarified the application potential of Chongken 166 as well as its advantageous promotion areas;in view of the high plant height and ear height of Chongken 166 and the risk of lodging in production practice,the effects of three plant growth regulators under different densities were studied in order to find out the optimum combination of plant density and plant growth regulator for Chongken 166 in different regions,providing the best cultivation technology solution for the promotion of Chongjian 166.A two-factor split-zone design was used in this experiment.The main factor(A)is the planting density,and four density gradients were set:A1,35213 plants/hm~2;A2,45000 plants/hm~2;A3,55033 plants/hm~2;A4,64935 plants/hm~2.The secondary factor(B)is the plant growth regulator.The control and three different plant growth regulators were applied for spraying treatment:B1,water;B2,amine fresh ethrel;B3,hydroxyene ethrel;B4,benzylamine ethrel.The experiment was conducted in Rongchang and Dianjiang,Chongqing in 2021 and 2022,respectively.The research results mainly include:1.The application potential of Chongken 166:the average yield was 9467.7 kg/hm~2in the two-year regional test,which was 17.1%higher than that of Yudan 8.The average high stability coefficient of the two years was 93.04%,which was 15.50%higher than that of Yudan 8,and the stability coefficient value was close to 1 in both years.Compared with the control Yudan 8,when the environmental index was 6000～12000 kg/hm~2,the yield was increased.In the range of 8000～12000 kg/hm~2,the yield increased by more than 10%in both years,and the advantage was more obvious.The results showed that the new maize variety Chongken 166 had high stability,high yield,wide adaptability,and great application potential.2.Effects of planting density on the main traits of Chongken 166:the planting density ranges from 35213 plants/hm~2 to 64935 plants/hm~2,and the field lodging rate,plant height,spike position,and yield of heavy Chongken 166 increase with the increase of planting density,with significant differences among different densities.Other traits such as grain number per row,ear length,and 100-grain weight show a decreasing trend with increasing density,with significant or extremely significant differences between low density and high density.3.Effects of plant growth regulators on the main traits of Chongken 166:the plant height and ear height of Chongken 166 were significantly reduced by the three plant growth regulators.The plant height and ear height for two years under B2 treatment decreased by2.70%and 9.74%in Rongchang and by 3.71%and 7.82%in Dianjiang,respectively;Under B3 treatment,the plant height and ear height for two years decreased by 1.89%and 6.02%in Rongchang and by 2.71%and 6.03%in Dianjiang;Under B4 treatment,the plant height and ear height for two years decreased by 2.30%and 6.53%in Rongchang and decreased by2.28%and 6.11%in Dianjiang.The lodging rate was also significantly reduced in the field,and the lodging degree in the field was B1>B3>B4>B2.The yield was significantly increased by increasing kernel numbers per row,ear length and 100-grain weight.In Rongchang,the average yield of B2,B3,and B4 treatments increased by 4.51%,3.36%,and4.40%,respectively.In Dianjiang,the yield of B2,B3,and B4 increased by 3.94%,2.80%,and 3.43%,respectively.4.The effect of interaction between density and growth regulator on the main characters of Chongken 166:for plant height and ear height,except for the ear height at Dianjiang point under A2 density and the ear height at Rongchang point under A3 density,B4 treatment had the best effect on reducing plant height and ear height,and B2 treatment had the best effect on reducing plant height and ear height under other densities.The B2 treatment had the best effect on reducing field lodging rates at different densities.Under low density(A1)conditions,spraying plant growth regulators reduces plant height,leading to insufficient utilization of spatial environmental resources by plants,which led to a decrease in ear length,kernel numbers per row,and 100-grain weight,resulting in a decrease in yield compared to the control.Under medium or high density A2,A3,and A4 planting conditions,all three plant growth regulators increased the spike length,row grain number,and 100-grain weight of Chongken 166,resulting in significant or extremely significant increase in yield,with the B2 treatment having the greatest increase.At the same time,the yield of three experimental sites reached its highest during the treatment of A4B2 combination for two years.5.The combined effects of environment,density,and plant growth regulators on the core indicators of Chongken 166:The plant height,ear height,and yield of Chongken 166increased with the increase of planting density between the two test sites in 2022 and between the two years of the Rongchang test site.The lodging rate increased with the increase of planting density between the two test sites in 2022.The three plant growth regulators could significantly reduce the plant height,ear height,and lodging rate of Chongken 166 between the two test sites in 2022 and between the two years of the Rongchang test site,and significantly increase its yield,and the comprehensive effect of B2treatment was the best.In summary,it can be seen that the new corn variety Chongken 166 has high stability,high yield,and wide adaptability.Its potential for promotion and application is great,and its advantages are more obvious when planted in areas with an environmental index of 8000 to12000 kg/hm~2.In Rongchang,which is mainly composed of hills,and Dianjiang,which is mainly composed of flat dams,the optimization plan for chemical control and density increasing of this variety is to control the density at around 64935 plants/hm~2,and then combine it with the application of amine fresh ethrel.The average yield can reach 10931.8kg/hm~2(2021 Rongchang),11433.1 kg/hm~2(2022 Rongchang),and 11399.8 kg/hm~2(2022Dianjiang). |
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