| Barley(Hordeum vulgare var.nudum hook.f.)is also known as naked barley,which belongs to the family of grasses.Barley is the most important crop for food production in Tibet,and the cultivation area and production of barley accounts for more than 75% of the whole Tibet,55% of the national barley cultivation area and 67% of the total production.Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most common and widely distributed diseases of barley in the world,caused by barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)infestation.In recent years,yellow dwarf disease has occurred in various barley growing areas in Tibet,causing great losses to barley production.The discovery of barley yellow dwarf resistance germplasm resources and the analysis of barley yellow dwarf resistance mechanism can help to breed barley disease resistant varieties.In order to determine the level of resistance of barley germplasm resources to barley yellow dwarf virus,400 barley germplasm resources were identified by artificial inoculation in the field.In order to understand the physiological and molecular mechanisms of barley response to BYDV infestation,the differences in the changes of total phenol,proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein contents in the highly resistant material 08-1280 and highly susceptible material Kangqing 3 after inoculation with BYDV were analyzed for differential protein studies.The main findings were as follows.1.Among the 400 barley germplasm resources,there are 11 disease resistant(HR,R)varieties: 08-1280,ZYM1289,North Green 6,ZDM4409,ZDM5601,ZDM07747,ZDM08751,Ganqing 2,Tibetan Green 3000,ZYM1311,ZYM1853,showing high resistance to disease,accounting for 2.75% of the participating materials.2.75%,of which 08-1280,a foreign introduced variety,was the only one showing high resistance(HR)to BYDV-GAV.There were 23high-susceptible(HS)varieties,accounting for 5.75% of the tested materials.Among the remaining varieties,90 were moderately resistant(MR),accounting for 22.5% of the test materials,and the remaining 276 varieties were all susceptible(S)varieties,accounting for 69% of the test materials.2.After BYDV infestation,the contents of total phenol,proline and soluble sugar in the leaves of highly resistant and highly susceptible materials increased to different degrees,and the increase of total phenol and proline contents of highly resistant material was larger than that of highly susceptible material,while the increase of soluble sugar content was smaller than that of highly susceptible material.proline content increased rapidly after BYDV infestation.At 10 d of inoculation,the proline content of the highly resistant material08-1280 and the highly susceptible material Kangqing 3 increased by 97.92%and 78.53%,respectively,compared with the control group,both reaching highly significant levels.At 30 d of inoculation,the proline contents of both materials were not significantly different between the inoculated and control groups.At 10 and 30 d of inoculation,the soluble sugar content after leaf infestation of highly resistant and susceptible materials BYDV produced different degrees of increase,and the differences with the control group both reached highly significant levels.At 10 and 30 d of inoculation,the increase in soluble sugar content of the highly resistant material 08-1280 was 36.91% and44.59%,respectively,which were lower than that of the highly susceptible material Kangqing 3(37.66% and 73.64%,respectively).At 10 d of inoculation,there was no significant change in the soluble protein content of the leaves of the two materials compared with the control.At 30 d of inoculation,the soluble protein content of leaves of highly resistant and highly susceptible materials infested with BYDV showed different changes,among which,the highly resistant material 08-1280 decreased 62.12% compared with the control,while the highly susceptible material Kangqing 3 increased 48.43% compared with the control,and both changes reached highly significant levels.3.Using DIA quantitative proteomics technique,7327 proteins were identified in six barley samples,and the six samples were identified with good reproducibility and high data quality.After virus inoculation,protein changes occurred in barley leaves were mainly up-regulated proteins.Among them,124 were up-regulated and 23 were down-regulated.The differential proteins of highly resistant and highly susceptible barley materials were mainly involved in disease related pathways: such as MAPK signaling pathway,phytopathogen invasion pathway,flavonoids,bioterpene compounds synthesis,cell wall components biosynthesis,etc. |
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