A New Wheat Germplasm With Resistance To Powdery Mildew And Rust Was Development Technique And Molecular Markers

Wheat powdery mildew and rust are widespread in the wheat-growing areas of our country,causing huge economic losses and seriously endangering the national food security,it is the most economical,safe and effective measure to breed and popularize disease-resistant varieties.Due to the characteristics of rapid variation and wide adaptation of the physiological races of the pathogen,the original resistance to the disease was lost,while the breeding period of traditional wheat varieties was usually more than 10years,therefore,how to apply effective disease resistance genes to wheat industry is a problem that breeders have been seeking to solve.With the development of biotechnology,there is a new opportunity for wheat breeding.The combination of rapid development technology and molecular marker technology can accurately and rapidly aggregate many disease resistance genes,a new multi-resistance wheat germplasm was created.In this study,Pm2,Lr34/Yr18/Pm38and 14+15 were polymerized into Jinhe 7183,a high yield wheat cultivar,by using rapid development and molecular marker techniques,the gene aggregation cycle was shortened from five years to two years in conventional breeding,fourteen F₆ wheat lines with good agronomic traits and three target genes were selected by field screening and molecular identification.This study not only created new wheat germplasm,but also provided theoretical support for the application of rapid development and molecular marker techniques in conventional wheat breeding.The specific findings are as follows:1.In this study,the rapid development of wheat and molecular marker technology,the Pm21,Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 and 14+15were rapidly polymerized by three crosses and two self-crosses,a total of 170 F₃individuals containing three target genes were screened,and F₄and higher generations were identified by field selection and molecular identification of agronomic traits,finally,14 F₆ lines with good agronomic traits and 3 target genes were screened,and the breeding period was shortened from 8 years to 5 years,which greatly improved the efficiency of new wheat germplasm breeding.2.The resistance of 14 wheat lines to powdery mildew and rust was identified at seedling and adult stages.14 wheat lines with resistance to powdery mildew and 11 wheat lines with resistance to rust were screened at seedling stage,11 wheat materials with resistance to both of them,13 wheat materials with resistance to powdery mildew,9 wheat materials with resistance to rust and 8 wheat materials with resistance to both of them were screened at adult plant stage.3.The quality analysis of 14 wheat lines with the target genes showed that there was significant difference（p<0.05）between the tested values of quality indexes of 14 wheat lines and the control,this study provides a theoretical basis for molecular marker assisted wheat quality breeding.