Effects Of Rice-fish-chicken Symbiosis Pattern On Soil Physicochemical Properties And Rice Root Growth And Yield

The total output of rice in my country has been steadily increasing year by year while the planting area remains stable,but the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused certain dangers to human beings and the ecological environment.The production method can not only reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides while maintaining the rice yield,but also improve the utilization rate of resources,comprehensive production efficiency and farmers’ enthusiasm for production.In this paper,four treatment modes were designed: rice-fish symbiosis(RF),rice-chicken symbiosis(RC),rice-fish-chicken symbiosis(RFC)and conventional rice monoculture(CK),and selected Y Liangyou 800(hybrid rice,abbreviated Y)and Nongxiang 32(conventional rice,abbreviated as N)two varieties were cultivated in box crops,and a comparative study was carried out on the physicochemical properties of farmland soil,rice root growth characteristics,rice yield and yield components under the four modes.The main research results of this experiment are as follows:(1)Compared with CK,the RF mode of the Y variety can significantly improve the soil physical properties,and the activities of fish in the paddy field can effectively reduce the soil bulk density,increase the soil porosity and water content,indicating that the RF mode improves the air permeability and water retention capacity of the paddy soil.At the same time,the three modes of Y variety RF,RC and RFC can significantly improve the soil acidification,among which RF has the most obvious effect,which can greatly weaken the soil acidity.(2)In terms of soil nutrients of cultivar Y,RC significantly promoted the increase of soil total phosphorus;both RC and RFC rice cultivation modes could significantly increase soil alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen content in each growth period,and RC could significantly increase soil total phosphorus content.Soil available phosphorus content in growth period,RF can significantly increase soil available phosphorus content in rice tillering stage,RFC can significantly increase soil available phosphorus content in rice tillering stage and mature stage.The three modes of RC,RF and RFC can significantly increase the soil available potassium content before rice filling.In addition,due to the influence of chicken manure,RC also had a very significant effect on the increase of soil organic matter content.(3)The total root length,total surface area and total volume of rice roots at booting and grain-filling stages in the RF mode of the Y variety were better than those of CK,and the average root diameter of rice roots in the RFC mode at the heading and grain-filling stages and root volume were significantly higher than those of CK;the root surface area of the RC model of the N variety was significantly lower than that of the CK at the tillering stage,and the total root length,root surface area and root volume of the RC model at the booting and heading stages were significantly higher than those of the RC model.ck.The specific surface area of the RC and RF patterns of the Y variety at the mature stage was significantly higher than that of the CK;the active absorption area of the RFC model of the N variety at the tillering stage was significantly higher than that of the CK,and the total root absorption area and the active absorption area of the RC model were both Significantly larger than CK,the root specific surface area of RC and RFC at full head stage was significantly higher than that of CK.The root wound effusion of RFC pattern was significantly less than that of CK at full heading stage,and that of RC and RF patterns at mature stage was significantly more than that of CK.(4)The rice-fish-chicken symbiosis model can significantly increase the 1000-grain weight of Y Liangyou 800 by 10.92%.The three symbiotic patterns of rice-chicken,rice-fish and rice-fish-chicken have a small increase trend on the components of rice yield per unit area,but the effect is not significant.Although the three symbiotic patterns of rice-chicken,rice-fish and rice-fish-chicken could not significantly increase rice yield,they could ensure stable rice yield.While the rice production is stable,the rice-fish-chicken symbiosis model also increases the yield of fish and chickens compared with the rice monoculture.Considerable economic benefits can be obtained through the rice-fish-chicken symbiosis model,which can greatly stimulate farmers’ enthusiasm for production.