| Taking lactating cows under heat stress as the research object,the effects of Mongolian medicinal Sophora chinensis(and its extract)on the blood physiological and biochemical indexes,production performance,immune function,antioxidant capacity,intestinal flora composition and blood metabolomics of lactating cows under heat stress were studied,which provided data support and theoretical basis for the application of Mongolian medicine in reducing heat stress and improving milk yield in lactating cows.In this trial,40 lactating cows with similar calving dates,parity times and lactation were randomly divided into 8 groups,which were set as heat stress group,positive control group(anti-heat and anti-heat dispersion),low,medium and high dose groups of Ginseng Bitter Seven Soup,and low,medium and high dose groups of Bitter Ginseng Seven Soup,and low,medium and high dose groups of Bitter Ginseng Seven Soup,with 5 heads in each group.Experiment 1: Temperature and humidity index(THI),behavior,physiological indicators,milk production and milk composition were determined.Results:(1)The average THI at noon during the test period was greater than 79,indicating that the cows were in a moderate heat stress environment.(2)The rectal temperature(RT)and respiratory rate(RR)of Ginseng chinensis decoction and its extract group were significantly lower than those in the heat stress group and recovered to a healthy level(P<0.05),indicating that the rectal temperature(RT)and respiratory rate(RR)of ginseng soup and its extract significantly improved the physiological indexes of heat-stressed cows.(3)The daily milk yield of the high-dose group of Sophora radiflora sinensis extract was significantly higher than that of the heat stress group(P<0.01),indicating that the high-dose ginseng soup extract could effectively promote the digestion and absorption of feed by heat-stressed cows,improve the utilization of nutrients,and increase the milk production of dairy cows.Experiment 2: Tail vein blood was collected 6 h after the last dose on the 7th day of the trial period,and the following indicators were measured:(1)Measurement of routine blood indicators of dairy cows,results: except for the high-dose group of Sophora radiatus,the percentage of white blood cells(WBC),lymphocyte percentage(LYM%),granulocyte percentage(GRAN%),and intermediate cell percentage(MID%)in the blood of each drug group(MID%)All of them were significantly higher than those in the heat stress group and recovered or approached healthy levels(P<0.01),while the blood contents of red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB)and hematocrit(HCT)in the high-dose group were significantly lower than those in the heat stress group(P<0.01).(2)The serum biochemical indexes of dairy cows were measured,and the results showed that the serum total protein(TP)and albumin(ALB)content in the Sophoenix Bitter Soup Extract Group were significantly higher than those in the heat stress group(P<0.01),the total bilirubin(TBIL)content in the serum in the low-dose group of the Bitter Ginseng Seven Tang Extract was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),and the glucose(GLU)content in the low-dose group of the Bitter Ginseng Seven Soup Extract was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01).(3)The enzyme activity indexes of dairy cows were measured,and the results showed that the serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity in the low-dose group of Ginseng ginseng was significantly higher than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),and the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in the group of ginseng seven soup extract were significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.05).(4)Determination of endocrine hormone indexes in dairy cow serum,results: Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),epinephrine(EPI),norepinephrine(NE),The concentration of cortisol(CORT)was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),the serum concentration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH)in the low-dose group was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)in the high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),the serum concentration of triiodothyronine(T3)in the high-dose group of Sophoenix Soup was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.05),and the serum concentration of thyroxine(T4)in the high-dose group was significantly higher than that in the heat stress group(P<0.05);The serum concentrations of antidiuretic hormone(ADH)and aldosterone(ALD)in the high-dose group were significantly lower than those in the heat stress group(P<0.01),and the serum concentrations of growth hormone(GH)and prolactin(PRL)in the low-dose group were significantly higher than those in the heat stress group(P<0.01).(5)The contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-2(IL-2)in the high-dose group and its extracts were significantly lower than those in the heat stress group(P<0.01);The content of γ-interferon(IFN-γ)was significantly higher than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),and the serum content of heat shock protein 70(HSP-70)in each drug group was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01).(6)Determination of antioxidant indexes in dairy cow serum,results: Mongolian medicine bitter ginseng seven soup,The serum activity of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in the high-dose group and its extracts was significantly higher than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the dose group was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01),and the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)level in the high-dose group and its extracts in the high-dose group and its extracts was significantly higher than that in the heat stress group(P<0.01).Experiment 3: Rectal contents of test cattle are collected rectally on the last day of the trial period.Determination of cow gut microbiota composition and diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that the Sobs,Ace,Chao 1 and Shannon indices(P<0.05)of the intestinal flora were significantly increased,and the dominant flora at the 6 phylum levels and 25 genera levels were obtained by measuring the intestinal flora.Among them,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteriota and Patescibacteria are the dominant phylum.The relative abundance of Planctomycetota was significantly lower than that in the heat stress group(P<0.05).The dominant genera of Sophorae chinensis and its extracts were 8 dominant genera of Rumen family UCG-005 and Rombutz bacteria.Compared with the heat stress group,the relative abundance of UCG-005 genus enteral rumen in the high-dose group was significantly increased(P<0.05)in the high-dose group of Ginseng Sophora,and the relative abundance of Christenix ensemus R-7 group in the cows in the high-dose group of Sophoena sinensis was significantly increased(P<0.01).The correlation between bacteria with significantly different abundances in different groups and factors such as immunity and antioxidants was analyzed.The contents of T-AOC and GH were positively correlated with the relative abundance of UCG-005,and the GH content was positively correlated with the relative abundance of unclassified＿f＿＿Lachnospiraceae species.Experiment 4: Tail vein blood was collected 6 h after the last dose on the 7th day of the test period,and the effect of ginseng soup and its extract on heat-stressed cows was analyzed by serum metabolomics technique by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.The results showed that metabolites and metabolic pathways changed significantly,and the three metabolic pathways of tryptophan metabolism,nucleotide metabolism and galactose metabolism were significantly enriched among the test cattle.In general,drug feeding of cows under heat stress can effectively reduce oxidative stress in cows,save energy for nucleotide synthesis,and protect cows from heat stress.In summary,Mongolian Sophora chinensis and its extracts improved the metabolic state of dairy cows under heat stress by regulating HPA,SAM and HPT axes,and significantly improved dairy cow production performance,immune function and antioxidant capacity.There was a correlation between the intestinal flora of dairy cows and blood immune indexes and antioxidant indexes,and the composition of intestinal flora of dairy cows was significantly improved under heat stress,which proved that Mongolian veterinary medicine Sophora chinensis and its extract had a good effect on alleviating heat stress in summer dairy cows. |
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