Design And Experiment Of Intelligent Soil Information Collection Vehicle

Precision agriculture refers to achieving efficient,high-quality,and sustainable agricultural production through scientific,sophisticated,and intelligent agricultural production methods,improving the quality and production efficiency of agricultural products.Currently,soil information collection in most regions of China still adopts traditional methods,which are inaccurate,inefficient,and low in technical equipment level,and cannot provide basic data for the development of precision agriculture.In response to the above issues,this project has designed and manufactured an intelligent soil information collection vehicle,which is equipped with a comprehensive soil sensor,an embedded system,and a GNSS-RTK high-precision position collection system.The collection vehicle can quickly and efficiently collect key soil information and location information,improve collection accuracy and efficiency,form soil information distribution maps,guide precision fertilization,and provide technical support for achieving precision agriculture.The main research work and conclusions of this topic are summarized as follows:(1)Research the mechanical design method and modular design method of the field operation platform,and design an intelligent soil information collection vehicle.The collection vehicle is divided into two parts: a mobile chassis and a soil information collection system,respectively achieving mobile walking and soil information collection functions.The mobile chassis adopts a wheeled chassis and differential steering mode,mainly including the vehicle body,wheel and suspension system,transmission system,control system,and power system.The conceptual design of each part is carried out,and the calculation and selection of key components are carried out.The soil information collection system includes a drilling mechanism and a collection mechanism.The drilling mechanism is responsible for drilling circular holes with selectable depths in the soil,providing a foundation for the collection mechanism to collect soil information at different depths.The collection organization is responsible for measuring and storing key soil information at different depths for subsequent data processing and analysis.(2)Design the hardware and control system of the soil information collection system.The overall structure of the drilling mechanism and the acquisition mechanism was designed,and the components were selected.Use ANSYS Workbench to conduct finite element analysis of the structure of the soil information collection system.The analysis and solution results show that the small deformation,stress,and strain generated by the acquisition mechanism when subjected to force will not affect the operation of the acquisition mechanism,and the natural frequencies of the acquisition mechanism and the drilling structure do not appear near the excitation frequency of the motor,and resonance will not occur.The control system of soil information collection system is designed,which is implemented by STM32 microcontroller and relay.The STM32 microcontroller is developed using STM32 Cube MX and Keil u Vision.(3)Two field experiments were completed using an intelligent soil information collection vehicle.Experiment 1: Accuracy experiment of acquisition vehicle.While manipulating the collection vehicle to collect soil information,hand-held soil integrated sensors measure soil information at the same location.The analysis results show that the correlation coefficient between the data collected by the collection vehicle and manual measurement is greater than 0.94,and the root mean square error is less than 2,indicating that the data collected by the collection vehicle for soil information has high accuracy.Experiment 2: Multi depth soil information collection experiment,in which the collection vehicle is operated to collect multi ridge,multi group,and multi depth soil information data from two plots for analysis and verification.Analyze the soil information data of Block A,and use Matlab to perform a first order polynomial least square fitting to obtain a fitting equation for the N,P,K content and depth of the soil.Then,predict the N,P,K content of the three depths of Block B,and calculate that the root mean square error between the predicted value and the measured value is less than 2,indicating that the prediction accuracy of the prediction model is high,and the prediction results have a certain degree of reliability and reliability.In addition,using Arc Map and Bigemap GIS Office to draw soil information distribution maps provides reliable basic data for achieving precision agriculture.