Design And Experiment Of Row Cleaner With Straw Cleaning Disc Single-drive Double-acting Type For No-till Planter

In recent years,China’s crop production has continued to grow,but mechanical farming activities are strong,resulting in soil degradation and rising operating costs caused by excessive farming.Conservation tillage can effectively improve soil structure and increase soil fertility by reducing soil tillage through straw mulching and no-till seeding.As a key tool for implementing conservation tillage,no-till seeder is the focus and difficulty of research.Especially in the Huang Huai-Hai double cropping area,wheat straw is covered and returned to the field,with a short sowing period for corn,the straw is not decomposed,and the tenacity is large.The passive straw cleaning device is prone to entanglement or congestion.The straw cleaning device is still mainly based on crushing rotary tillage,with a large amount of soil movement,high energy consumption,and difficult high-speed operation,limiting the promotion of protective farming in the double cropping area.In response to the above issues,this study combined the investigation and research on the existing straw cleaning devices for no-till seeders at home and abroad,with the goal of preventing work congestion,reducing work power consumption,and improving the seed bed straw removal rate.It innovated the existing passive opposed straw cleaning device,and designed a disc single-drive double-acting straw cleaning device.Through theoretical analysis Simulation and bench tests have determined the optimal structural and operational parameters of the disc single-drive double-acting straw cleaning device,which improves the straw removal rate of the seed bed and improves the congestion problem during the seeding process of the corn no-till seeder.The main research contents include:（1）Theoretical analysis of the operation process of the device was conducted,and the interaction between important parameters such as operation speed,width,installation angle,depth of penetration,and disc tooth parameters during the operation process of the device was studied.Based on the kinematics simulation results of the apex operation trajectory of the straw cleaning disc tooth using Adams software,it was found that the main factor affecting the operation effect of the device was the installation rake angle of the straw cleaning discα,horizontal deflection angleβand the forward speed v₀of the implement,with a value range of 50°<α<70°,30°<β<45°,6km/h<v₀<10km/h.（2）Finite element simulation of straw cleaning device and discrete element simulation of straw cleaning process.Use Solid Works software to model the device,and conduct finite element simulation of key operating components in the simulation module to study the stress conditions of different parts of the straw cleaning disc during actual operation,and analyze the structural integrity and stability of the straw cleaning disc under field conditions.The simulation results show that the force of the straw cleaning device is stable and the strength can meet the actual operation requirements;Construct a discrete element simulation model for straw cleaning operation to install the rake angleα,horizontal deflection angleβand the forward speed of the machine v₀as the experimental factors,using the seed bed straw cleaning rate Y₁and the working resistance Y₂as the indicators,a three factor and three level orthogonal experiment was designed,and the parameter combination under the optimal working effect of the device was obtained as follows:the rake angleα=70°,horizontal deflection angleβ=30°,the forward speed of the machine v₀=8km/h.At this time,the straw cleaning rate Y₁of the seed bed is 95.60%,and the working resistance Y₂of the machine is 130.0N,which meets the requirements for no-till seeding.（3）Bench test.Set up a test bench to measure the seed bed environment after operation,using the straw cleaning rate of straw from the seed bed,the width of straw removal,and the congestion situation as test indicators,and using the traditional opposed flat wheel non-staggered straw cleaning device as a control.The results showed that when the straw coverage was 0.9375kg/m²,the average straw cleaning rate and average straw removal width of the disc single-drive double-acting straw cleaning device were90.59%and 169.6mm,respectively.There was no significant congestion during the test process;The straw removal rate of the seed bed of the opposed flat wheel non-staggered straw cleaning device is 65.65%,and the average straw removal width is 90.8 mm.During the test process,there were three significant congestion,indicating that the operation performance of the designed disc single-drive double-acting straw cleaning device is superior to the traditional straw cleaning device.Taking the straw cleaning rate Y₁of the seed bed as the test index,the rake angleα,horizontal inclinationβand the forward speed v₀,a three factor and three level orthogonal experiment was designed.The experimental results showed that the actual operating results of the disc single-drive double-acting straw cleaning device were basically consistent with the simulation results.The optimal operating parameter combination was:the rake angleα=70°,horizontal deflection angleβ=30°,the forward speed of the machine is v₀=8km/h,and the straw cleaning rate Y₁of the seed bed is 90.57%.The designed disc single-drive double-acting straw cleaning device can meet the actual operation requirements,with good operation results,and can provide high-quality seed beds for corn sowing operations,which is not prone to congestion during the operation process.